---
title: D — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 51
description: The 1197 words of the English dictionary under D, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# D — The English dictionary · page 51

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**doughnut** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A doughnut is a small sweet cake of fried dough, often shaped like a ring with a hole, or a round ball filled with jam or cream.[↗](../../doughnut/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A doughnut is any ring shape like this, such as a ring cushion or a rubber ring.[↗](../../doughnut/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I had a jam doughnut at the fair.[↗](../../doughnut/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad brought a box of twelve doughnuts to share.[↗](../../doughnut/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The doughnut was covered in pink icing and sprinkles.[↗](../../doughnut/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · My doughnut got sugar all over my face.[↗](../../doughnut/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A ring doughnut has a hole in the middle.[↗](../../doughnut/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · If 4 friends share 12 doughnuts equally, each gets 3.[↗](../../doughnut/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The car spun round and left a doughnut shape in the snow.[↗](../../doughnut/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**dove** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dove is a pale grey or white bird of the pigeon family that coos.[↗](../../dove/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A dove is a sign of peace; in the Bible a dove brought Noah an olive leaf, and the Holy Spirit came down like a dove on Jesus.[↗](../../dove/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (US) Dove (rhymes with "stove") is a past tense of dive.[↗](../../dove/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "She dove into the pool."[↗](../../dove/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (politics) A dove is a person who wants peace rather than war.[↗](../../dove/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A white dove sat on the church roof.[↗](../../dove/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Noah sent out a dove, and it came back with an olive leaf.[↗](../../dove/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We drew a dove with an olive branch for Peace Day.[↗](../../dove/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The doves cooed softly in the garden.[↗](../../dove/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Jake dove into the lake.[↗](../../dove/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (US)[↗](../../dove/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The Spirit came down on Jesus like a dove.[↗](../../dove/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Two turtle doves are in the Christmas song.[↗](../../dove/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · ‘I have caught a dove,’ answered he.[↗](../../dove/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And he stayed yet other seven days; and again he sent forth the dove out of the ark.[↗](../../dove/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.8.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And he shall offer one of the turtle-doves, or of the young pigeons, such as his means suffice for; (Torah LEV.14.30, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And he stayed yet other seven days; and sent forth the dove; and she returned not again unto him any more.[↗](../../dove/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.8.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · His eyes are like doves beside the water-brooks; washed with milk, and fitly set.[↗](../../dove/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.5.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thine eyes are as doves.[↗](../../dove/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.1.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their cotes?[↗](../../dove/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.60.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dove/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**dovecote** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dovecote is a small house or box built high up, where pigeons or doves live and lay their eggs.[↗](../../dovecote/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The pigeons flew back to the dovecote at dusk.[↗](../../dovecote/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandad built a dovecote on the barn wall.[↗](../../dovecote/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A fox crept round the dovecote looking for a meal.[↗](../../dovecote/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**dowager** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A widow who has a title or property from her dead husband, such as a «dowager duchess» or «dowager queen».[↗](../../dowager/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) A grand, dignified old lady.[↗](../../dowager/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dowager duchess still lived in the old castle.[↗](../../dowager/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Empress Dowager ruled China for many years.[↗](../../dowager/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · After the king died, his widow became the queen dowager.[↗](../../dowager/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A stern dowager sat in the front row of the concert.[↗](../../dowager/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The young duke's mother was now called the dowager.[↗](../../dowager/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The dowager wore pearls and a feathered hat.[↗](../../dowager/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Queen-dowager was wise and good, and tried her best to make her people happy.[↗](../../dowager/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**dower** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dower is the money, land or goods a bride brings to her husband when they marry, or property a widow keeps after her husband dies (old use, from fairy tales).[↗](../../dower/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The king promised a castle as her dower.[↗](../../dower/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He wanted a bride with a large dower of gold.[↗](../../dower/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The father said his daughter's dower would be a herd of cows.[↗](../../dower/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**dowerless** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dowerless means having no dower, that is, with no money or property brought to a marriage; poor, with nothing given to the husband (old use).[↗](../../dowerless/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dowerless maiden had only her kind heart.[↗](../../dowerless/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Being dowerless, she went out to work for her bread.[↗](../../dowerless/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Her friends called her dowerless because her father had no land to give.[↗](../../dowerless/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**down** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Down means toward a lower place.[↗](../../down/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") You walk down the stairs.[↗](../../down/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Down means less or lower in amount, like prices going down.[↗](../../down/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Down can mean along: walk down the road.[↗](../../down/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Feeling down means feeling sad.[↗](../../down/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* Down is the soft fluffy feathers of young birds.[↗](../../down/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* Write down means put on paper.[↗](../../down/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 7:* Down means not working: «the internet is down».[↗](../../down/#m7 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 8:* (casual) «I'm down» or «down for it» (US slang) means I agree, I'll join; «down to you» means your choice; «down under» means Australia and NZ.[↗](../../down/#m8 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 9:* (rude) «Put someone down» is to make them feel small; «shut it down» and «pipe down» mean be quiet.[↗](../../down/#m9 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 10:* (euphemism) «Downsizing» means sacking workers; «let someone down» means disappoint them.[↗](../../down/#m10 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 11:* (formal) Exams say «decrease», «decline», «diminish», «descend», «reduce», «a reduction of» and «in a downward direction».[↗](../../down/#m11 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 12:* To settle down means to make your home somewhere and stay there for good.[↗](../../down/#m12 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The price went down by $3.[↗](../../down/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The temperature dropped down to 2 degrees.[↗](../../down/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She walked 5 blocks down the street.[↗](../../down/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Write down the answer.[↗](../../down/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Please sit down.[↗](../../down/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Slow down near the school.[↗](../../down/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He felt down after losing the game.[↗](../../down/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Ducklings are covered in soft down.[↗](../../down/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Count down from ten to zero.[↗](../../down/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · footy at 4, u down? we need 2 more.[↗](../../down/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Pipe down, I'm counting the money\![↗](../../down/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The temperature, initially 9 degrees, declines by 3 degrees and subsequently by a further 2 degrees.[↗](../../down/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") State the final temperature.[↗](../../down/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · He was settled down for good.[↗](../../down/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · And Israel bowed down upon the bed's head.[↗](../../down/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.47.31, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · And Abraham bowed down before the people of the land.[↗](../../down/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.23.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · Let peoples serve thee, and nations bow down to thee.[↗](../../down/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.27.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") · O my soul, tread them down with strength.[↗](../../down/#x17 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JDG.5.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x17 "tree and pragmatics") · Go down, and be thou laid with the uncircumcised.[↗](../../down/#x18 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.32.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x18 "tree and pragmatics") · But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.[↗](../../down/#x19 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings EST.3.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../down/#x19 "tree and pragmatics")

**downcast** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downcast means sad and gloomy, looking down: she was downcast after losing the match.[↗](../../downcast/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downcast eyes are eyes looking down, often because of shame, shyness or sadness.[↗](../../downcast/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He stood with downcast eyes after breaking the vase.[↗](../../downcast/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The downcast girl did not reply.[↗](../../downcast/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our team looked downcast after the goal was scored against us.[↗](../../downcast/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**downfall** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A sudden fall, ruin or loss of power or success.[↗](../../downfall/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* And it shall hail, in the downfall of the forest; but the city shall descend into the valley.[↗](../../downfall/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.32.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../downfall/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**downhearted** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downhearted means sad and without hope, feeling low after something has gone wrong: don't be downhearted if you lose.[↗](../../downhearted/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Don't be downhearted, you will do better next time.[↗](../../downhearted/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The little boy was downhearted after the rain spoiled the picnic.[↗](../../downhearted/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She felt downhearted when no one came to her party.[↗](../../downhearted/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**downhill** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downhill means going down a slope towards the bottom of a hill.[↗](../../downhill/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A downhill path or road slopes down.[↗](../../downhill/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Going downhill can mean getting worse, like a game going downhill after a mistake.[↗](../../downhill/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* It's all downhill from here can mean the hard part is over and it will be easy now.[↗](../../downhill/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We raced downhill on our bikes.[↗](../../downhill/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Brake gently when you're riding downhill.[↗](../../downhill/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Water always flows downhill.[↗](../../downhill/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The ball rolled downhill into the pond.[↗](../../downhill/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The walk back was easy because it was downhill.[↗](../../downhill/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Things went downhill after we lost the first match.[↗](../../downhill/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · It's all downhill from here.[↗](../../downhill/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · She won the downhill ski race.[↗](../../downhill/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But as he did so it began to roll very gently downhill.[↗](../../downhill/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**download** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To copy a file, game, music or app from the internet onto a computer, tablet or phone.[↗](../../download/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* As a noun, something you download.[↗](../../download/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Can I download this game?[↗](../../download/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ask a grown-up before you download anything.[↗](../../download/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The download took five minutes.[↗](../../download/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I downloaded the worksheet from the school website.[↗](../../download/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some free downloads hide viruses.[↗](../../download/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We downloaded the photos to the computer.[↗](../../download/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**downplay** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To downplay something means to make it seem smaller, less important or less serious than it really is.[↗](../../downplay/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downplaying your own success means talking about it modestly, so you do not seem to show off.[↗](../../downplay/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He downplayed his injury, but his ankle was badly swollen.[↗](../../downplay/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «It was nothing,» she said, downplaying her prize.[↗](../../downplay/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The company tried to downplay the size of the oil spill.[↗](../../downplay/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't downplay a bad headache; tell the nurse.[↗](../../downplay/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The team captain downplayed her part in the win.[↗](../../downplay/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Understatement is a way of downplaying something on purpose for effect.[↗](../../downplay/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The mayor downplayed the flood risk, and many people were not ready.[↗](../../downplay/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**downpour** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A downpour is a very heavy fall of rain that comes down suddenly.[↗](../../downpour/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (figurative) A downpour of something is a lot of it coming at once.[↗](../../downpour/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We were caught in a downpour on the way home.[↗](../../downpour/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The sudden downpour flooded the playground.[↗](../../downpour/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Sports day stopped because of a downpour.[↗](../../downpour/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · During the downpour we sheltered under a tree, but not in a thunderstorm.[↗](../../downpour/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The downpour lasted only ten minutes.[↗](../../downpour/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · After the downpour the air smelled fresh.[↗](../../downpour/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**downright** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downright means complete or total, used to strengthen a word, often a bad one: a downright lie.[↗](../../downright/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downright as an adverb means completely or thoroughly: downright cold.[↗](../../downright/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* That is downright rude of you\![↗](../../downright/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · It was downright cold in the cave.[↗](../../downright/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He was a downright liar, and everyone knew it.[↗](../../downright/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**downside** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A downside is the bad part or disadvantage of something that is mostly good.[↗](../../downside/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The downside of a plan is what could go wrong or what it costs you.[↗](../../downside/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The downside of having a dog is walking it in the rain.[↗](../../downside/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Living near school is great; the only downside is no bus ride with friends.[↗](../../downside/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Every plan has a downside.[↗](../../downside/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · One downside of screens at night is poor sleep.[↗](../../downside/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · On the downside, the trip costs a lot.[↗](../../downside/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · List the upsides and downsides before you choose.[↗](../../downside/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**downsize** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To make a company smaller by cutting the number of workers.[↗](../../downsize/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To move to a smaller house or use something smaller, often to save money.[↗](../../downsize/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (euphemism) «We are downsizing» can be a soft way of saying people are losing their jobs.[↗](../../downsize/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The company downsized and 50 workers lost their jobs.[↗](../../downsize/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma downsized to a small flat near us.[↗](../../downsize/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We downsized to a smaller car to save petrol.[↗](../../downsize/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad was let go when his firm downsized.[↗](../../downsize/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · After the kids left home, they decided to downsize.[↗](../../downsize/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · If a firm of 200 downsizes by a quarter, 150 workers are left.[↗](../../downsize/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**downsizing** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downsizing is when a company makes itself smaller by cutting jobs; workers lose their jobs.[↗](../../downsizing/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downsizing is moving to a smaller house or having fewer things, often when children have grown up.[↗](../../downsizing/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (euphemism) Companies say "downsizing" as a softer word for sacking workers.[↗](../../downsizing/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The factory's downsizing meant 50 people lost their jobs.[↗](../../downsizing/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · After the children left home, my grandparents downsized to a bungalow.[↗](../../downsizing/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The company called it downsizing, but Dad was let go.[↗](../../downsizing/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Downsizing a team can make the others work harder.[↗](../../downsizing/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We are downsizing our toy collection and giving some away.[↗](../../downsizing/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop is downsizing to a smaller building.[↗](../../downsizing/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**downstair** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downstairs means on a lower floor of a house or building, usually the ground floor.[↗](../../downstair/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downstairs also means going down the stairs to a lower floor.[↗](../../downstair/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* The downstairs is the lower floor of a house.[↗](../../downstair/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") «Downstair» is a rarer form of «downstairs»; the usual word is «downstairs».[↗](../../downstair/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* There are 3 rooms downstairs and 4 upstairs.[↗](../../downstair/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · 5 children are downstairs and 7 upstairs.[↗](../../downstair/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She went downstairs to get 2 cups.[↗](../../downstair/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · How many people are downstairs now?[↗](../../downstair/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad called us downstairs for dinner.[↗](../../downstair/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Hold the rail when you walk downstairs.[↗](../../downstair/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The downstairs toilet is next to the kitchen.[↗](../../downstair/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Our neighbours downstairs have a dog.[↗](../../downstair/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · I heard a noise downstairs in the night.[↗](../../downstair/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the wooer away.[↗](../../downstair/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**downstream** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Downstream means in the direction a river or stream flows, towards the sea.[↗](../../downstream/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Downstream describes a place further along a river in that direction.[↗](../../downstream/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The leaf floated downstream.[↗](../../downstream/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We paddled our canoe downstream.[↗](../../downstream/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The village is a mile downstream from the bridge.[↗](../../downstream/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Rivers get wider as they flow downstream.[↗](../../downstream/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Salmon swim upstream, not downstream, to lay their eggs.[↗](../../downstream/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.[↗](../../downstream/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Never chase a ball that is being carried downstream; the water is stronger than you think.[↗](../../downstream/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."[↗](../../downstream/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

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