--- title: D — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 60 description: The 1197 words of the English dictionary under D, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/page/60/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/) / D # D — The English dictionary · page 60 [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/A/) · [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/B/) · [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/C/) · [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/) · [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/E/) · [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/F/) · [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/G/) · [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/H/) · [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/I/) · [J](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/J/) · [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/K/) · [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/) · [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/M/) · [N](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/N/) · [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/O/) · [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/P/) · [Q](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Q/) · [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/R/) · [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/S/) · [T](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/T/) · [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/U/) · [V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/) · [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/W/) · [X](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/X/) · [Y](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Y/) · [Z](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Z/) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/) … [59](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/page/59/) **60** [61](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/page/61/) [62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/page/62/) **duly** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Duly means in the proper way, as expected or required, and at the right time.[↗](../../duly/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The neighbour took the medicine and was duly cured.[↗](../../duly/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The guests were duly thanked in the speech.[↗](../../duly/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The rent was paid duly at the end of the month.[↗](../../duly/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **dumb** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In everyday talk, especially in the USA, dumb means stupid or silly, and it is a rude word for a person.[↗](../../dumb/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In older English, dumb meant not able to speak; this use is now hurtful and people say «non-speaking» or «unable to speak» instead.[↗](../../dumb/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To be struck dumb means to be so surprised that you cannot say anything for a moment.[↗](../../dumb/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* That was a dumb mistake; I forgot to carry the one.[↗](../../dumb/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · It's unkind to call anyone dumb.[↗](../../dumb/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She was struck dumb when she saw the surprise party.[↗](../../dumb/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · He played dumb when Mum asked who ate the cake.[↗](../../dumb/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We won by dumb luck, not by skill.[↗](../../dumb/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I felt dumb when I put my shoes on the wrong feet.[↗](../../dumb/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Animals are sometimes called «dumb animals» because they cannot talk, but they are not stupid.[↗](../../dumb/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The lad was dumb with fright.[↗](../../dumb/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And the LORD said unto him: 'Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh a man dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I the LORD?[↗](../../dumb/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.4.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dumb/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · I am dumb, I open not my mouth; because Thou hast done it.[↗](../../dumb/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.39.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dumb/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Let the lying lips be dumb, which speak arrogantly against the righteous, with pride and contempt.[↗](../../dumb/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.31.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dumb/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.[↗](../../dumb/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.31.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dumb/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") **dumbfounded** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dumbfounded means so surprised that you cannot speak or know what to say.[↗](../../dumbfounded/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Dumbfounded, the boy stared at the talking cat.[↗](../../dumbfounded/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My grandfather was so dumbfounded that he could only stand and stare.[↗](../../dumbfounded/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The merchant was dumbfounded by the king's words.[↗](../../dumbfounded/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **dummy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dummy is a model of a person, used in shops to show clothes or in tests, like a crash-test dummy.[↗](../../dummy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In the UK, Australia and Ireland a dummy is a rubber teat a baby sucks to calm down; Americans call it a pacifier.[↗](../../dummy/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Dummy describes something that looks real but is not, such as a dummy camera.[↗](../../dummy/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* In some sports a dummy is a pretend move to trick another player.[↗](../../dummy/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* A dummy is also a rude word for a silly person.[↗](../../dummy/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The baby fell asleep with her dummy.[↗](../../dummy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop dummy wore a red winter coat.[↗](../../dummy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Crash-test dummies show why we must wear seatbelts.[↗](../../dummy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The burglar fooled the guard with a dummy in the bed.[↗](../../dummy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The camera on the wall is just a dummy.[↗](../../dummy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He sold the defender a dummy and scored.[↗](../../dummy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We did a dummy run of the fire drill first.[↗](../../dummy/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **dump** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To dump something is to put it down or drop it carelessly or roughly.[↗](../../dump/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To dump rubbish is to get rid of it, especially in a place where it is not allowed.[↗](../../dump/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A dump (or tip, in UK/Australia) is a place where rubbish is taken and left.[↗](../../dump/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (informal) A dump is a dirty, messy or ugly place.[↗](../../dump/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (informal) To dump a boyfriend or girlfriend is to end the relationship.[↗](../../dump/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* (informal, a bit rude) To have a dump or take a dump is to go to the toilet to poo.[↗](../../dump/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 7:* (informal) "Down in the dumps" means sad.[↗](../../dump/#m7 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 8:* A dump can also be a heavy, dull thud, the sound of something heavy falling.[↗](../../dump/#m8 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Don't dump your bag in the hallway.[↗](../../dump/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We took the old sofa to the dump.[↗](../../dump/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Dumping rubbish in the river is against the law.[↗](../../dump/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · My room is a dump, Mum says.[↗](../../dump/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She was down in the dumps after losing the game.[↗](../../dump/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The dump truck tipped out the sand.[↗](../../dump/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He dumped his girlfriend by text, which was unkind.[↗](../../dump/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The lorry dumped 5 tonnes of gravel, then 3 more, so 8 tonnes in all.[↗](../../dump/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · He came down on his feet quite unhurt, but the little black dog heard the dump, and rushed out of its kennel at once.[↗](../../dump/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") **dumpling** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dumpling is a small ball of dough that is boiled, steamed or fried, sometimes filled with meat or vegetables.[↗](../../dumpling/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A dumpling is a pudding of fruit wrapped in pastry, like an apple dumpling.[↗](../../dumpling/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) Dumpling is a fond name for a small, chubby child or pet.[↗](../../dumpling/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Grandma makes stew with fluffy dumplings.[↗](../../dumpling/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We ate pork dumplings at the Chinese restaurant.[↗](../../dumpling/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My mum and I fold dumplings for Lunar New Year.[↗](../../dumpling/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Ukrainian varenyky are dumplings filled with potato or cherries.[↗](../../dumpling/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · There are 24 dumplings shared among 4 people, so each gets 6.[↗](../../dumpling/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · An apple dumpling is wrapped in pastry and baked.[↗](../../dumpling/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · «Come here, my little dumpling!» said Gran.[↗](../../dumpling/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · I remember that we once exchanged a rice-dumpling for a persimmon-seed.[↗](../../dumpling/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **dumplings** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dumplings are small balls of dough cooked in boiling water, soup or stew.[↗](../../dumplings/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Dumplings are also little parcels of thin dough with a filling of meat, vegetables or fruit, steamed, boiled or fried, as in Chinese jiaozi, Polish pierogi or Ukrainian varenyky.[↗](../../dumplings/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) «Dumpling» is a fond pet name for a small, chubby child.[↗](../../dumplings/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum made beef stew with fluffy dumplings.[↗](../../dumplings/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We folded dumplings for Chinese New Year.[↗](../../dumplings/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Varenyky are Ukrainian dumplings with potato or cherries inside.[↗](../../dumplings/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The dumplings floated to the top when they were cooked.[↗](../../dumplings/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We had steamed dumplings at the dim sum restaurant.[↗](../../dumplings/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma calls the baby her little dumpling.[↗](../../dumplings/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Each dumpling had a juicy filling.[↗](../../dumplings/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · ‘Sir, his highness has graciously ordered a Danish soup and red Hamburg dumplings.’[↗](../../dumplings/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **dumpy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dumpy means short and thick, round and squat in shape.[↗](../../dumpy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dumpy little man waddled into the hall.[↗](../../dumpy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A dumpy jug stood on the shelf.[↗](../../dumpy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The dumpy hen sat on her eggs.[↗](../../dumpy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **dun** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dun is a dull greyish-brown colour.[↗](../../dun/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A dun is a horse of this colour, usually with a darker mane and tail.[↗](../../dun/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (old) To dun someone is to keep asking them firmly to pay money they owe.[↗](../../dun/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* In some dialects «dun» is just a spelling of «done» in very casual writing.[↗](../../dun/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The farmer rode a dun pony with a black mane.[↗](../../dun/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The moor was dun and brown in winter.[↗](../../dun/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She wore a plain dun coat.[↗](../../dun/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · (old) The landlord dunned him for the rent.[↗](../../dun/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The sparrow's feathers are dun and grey.[↗](../../dun/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the old book, a dun cow grazed in the field.[↗](../../dun/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **dunce** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (old-fashioned, unkind) A person who is slow to learn or thought to be stupid, especially a pupil.[↗](../../dunce/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In «dunce's cap» (dunce cap): a tall paper cone hat that pupils in old schools were made to wear as a punishment.[↗](../../dunce/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* In the old school, the dunce had to sit in the corner.[↗](../../dunce/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The teacher made him wear a dunce's cap.[↗](../../dunce/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Calling someone a dunce is unkind.[↗](../../dunce/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Toad acted like a dunce, but he thought he was clever.[↗](../../dunce/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · «I'm such a dunce at maths!» she laughed – but she was wrong.[↗](../../dunce/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Today no teacher uses a dunce's cap.[↗](../../dunce/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Once upon a time there lived an old couple who had three sons; the two elder were clever, but the third was a regular dunce.[↗](../../dunce/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **dune** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea.[↗](../../dune/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We climbed the sand dunes behind the beach.[↗](../../dune/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The wind shapes the dunes in the desert.[↗](../../dune/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Please keep to the path to protect the dunes.[↗](../../dune/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Camels walked slowly over the dunes.[↗](../../dune/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some dunes are taller than a house.[↗](../../dune/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We rolled down the soft dune.[↗](../../dune/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Grass grows on the dunes and holds the sand in place.[↗](../../dune/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He went out and walked towards the dunes.[↗](../../dune/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **dung** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dung is the solid waste, or poo, of animals, especially large animals like cows, horses and elephants.[↗](../../dung/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Dung is used on farms as manure to help plants grow, and in some places it is dried and burned as fuel.[↗](../../dung/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dung beetle rolled a ball of dung across the sand.[↗](../../dung/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Farmers spread cow dung on the fields to help crops grow.[↗](../../dung/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Elephant dung is full of seeds.[↗](../../dung/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In some villages dried dung is used as fuel.[↗](../../dung/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The smell of horse dung filled the stable.[↗](../../dung/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists study dung to find out what animals eat.[↗](../../dung/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Watch out for the cow dung in the field\![↗](../../dung/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · "Perhaps you came from a dung-heap," observed the oldest of them.[↗](../../dung/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But the skin of the bullock, and all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, and its inwards, and its dung, (Torah LEV.4.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And the heifer shall be burnt in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall be burnt.[↗](../../dung/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.19.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · But the flesh of the bullock, and its skin, and its dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp; it is a sin-offering.[↗](../../dung/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.29.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Who were destroyed at En-dor; they became as dung for the earth.[↗](../../dung/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.83.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · And I will cast detestable things upon thee, and make thee vile, and will make thee as dung.[↗](../../dung/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets NAM.3.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung; they that have seen him shall say: 'Where is he?'[↗](../../dung/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.20.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dung/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") **dungeon** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dark prison room, often underground, in a castle.[↗](../../dungeon/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (games) In video and board games, a set of dangerous rooms or tunnels to explore.[↗](../../dungeon/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The king threw the thief into the dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Toad lay in the dungeon and wept.[↗](../../dungeon/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The dungeon was cold, damp and dark.[↗](../../dungeon/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We visited a castle and saw the old dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In the game, you have to find the key to escape the dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The gaoler's daughter brought food down to the dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Many castle dungeons were really used as storerooms.[↗](../../dungeon/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · So they seized him and put him in a dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.41.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dungeon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews; and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.'[↗](../../dungeon/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.40.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dungeon/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · I called upon Thy name, O LORD, Out of the lowest dungeon.[↗](../../dungeon/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings LAM.3.55, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dungeon/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and have cast stones upon me.[↗](../../dungeon/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings LAM.3.53, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dungeon/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · When Jeremiah was come into the dungeon-house, and into the cells, and Jeremiah had remained there many days; (Prophets JER.37.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dungeon/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") **dunghill** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.[↗](../../dunghill/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.[↗](../../dunghill/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.[↗](../../dunghill/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.[↗](../../dunghill/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Who raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the needy out of the dunghill; (Writings PSA.113.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dunghill/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · They that did feed on dainties are desolate in the streets; they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.[↗](../../dunghill/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings LAM.4.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dunghill/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · For in this mountain will the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down in his place, even as straw is trodden down in the dunghill.[↗](../../dunghill/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.25.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dunghill/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **dunk** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To dunk food is to dip it quickly into a drink or liquid, like a biscuit into tea or milk.[↗](../../dunk/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To dunk someone or something is to push them under water for a moment.[↗](../../dunk/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In basketball, to dunk is to jump up and push the ball down through the hoop; this shot is a dunk (slam dunk).[↗](../../dunk/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He dunked his cookie in his milk.[↗](../../dunk/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't dunk your biscuit too long or it will break.[↗](../../dunk/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The player jumped and dunked the ball.[↗](../../dunk/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We dunked our feet in the cold river.[↗](../../dunk/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · That was an amazing slam dunk\![↗](../../dunk/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She dunked the paintbrush in the water.[↗](../../dunk/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We tested which biscuit could be dunked longest without breaking.[↗](../../dunk/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **duodecimal** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Based on the number twelve, counting in twelves.[↗](../../duodecimal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* According to the Sefer Yetzira the Hebrew alphabet con- sisting often double letters and twelve simple leters, representing the vigesimal and duodecimal systems of notation, still more fully symbolizes the universe.[↗](../../duodecimal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../duodecimal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") **duplicate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (noun) An exact copy of something, such as a key or a document.[↗](../../duplicate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb) To make an exact copy of something.[↗](../../duplicate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (verb) To do something again that has already been done, wasting effort.[↗](../../duplicate/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (adjective) Exactly the same as another; made as a copy.[↗](../../duplicate/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Dad had a duplicate key made for the shed.[↗](../../duplicate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · I have three duplicates of this football card, so I'll swap them.[↗](../../duplicate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The form must be filled in in duplicate.[↗](../../duplicate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Delete the duplicate photos to save space.[↗](../../duplicate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists duplicated the experiment to check the result.[↗](../../duplicate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Let's not duplicate work: you do the poster and I'll do the speech.[↗](../../duplicate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The printer duplicated the page by mistake.[↗](../../duplicate/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Remove the duplicate numbers from the list 4, 7, 4, 9 and you get 4, 7, 9.[↗](../../duplicate/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **duplication** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Making an exact copy of something, or the copy itself.[↗](../../duplication/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Doing the same work twice when once would be enough; unnecessary repeating.[↗](../../duplication/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (science) A part of a chromosome or gene that is copied twice.[↗](../../duplication/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We split the tasks to avoid duplication.[↗](../../duplication/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The duplication of keys was done at the hardware shop.[↗](../../duplication/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Duplication of the photo made two identical copies.[↗](../../duplication/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · There was some duplication: two groups wrote the same poster.[↗](../../duplication/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Gene duplication can lead to new features in living things.[↗](../../duplication/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Copying and pasting caused a duplication in my list.[↗](../../duplication/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") 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