---
title: D — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 61
description: The 1197 words of the English dictionary under D, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# D — The English dictionary · page 61

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**duplicity** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Being double, having two forms; (also) lying or deceit, but here it means having two sounds.[↗](../../duplicity/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The \[33\] seven double letters, בגד כפרת with a duplicity of pronunciation, aspirated and unaspirated, namely: ,תּת ,רּר ,פּפ ,כּכ ,דּד ,גּג ,בּב serve as a model of softness and hardness, strength and weakness.[↗](../../duplicity/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../duplicity/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**dura** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* The name of a plain in Babylon where King Nebuchadnezzar set up a giant gold statue.[↗](../../dura/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits; he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.[↗](../../dura/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings DAN.3.1, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dura/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**durability** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Durability is how long something lasts and how well it stands up to use, wear and damage.[↗](../../durability/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In science and design it is a property of a material, like strength or flexibility.[↗](../../durability/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We tested the durability of three fabrics by rubbing them with sandpaper.[↗](../../durability/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Plastic is chosen for lunch boxes because of its durability.[↗](../../durability/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · These boots are famous for their durability.[↗](../../durability/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Stone gives the castle walls great durability.[↗](../../durability/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The durability of the toy was poor; it broke in a day.[↗](../../durability/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Engineers check the durability of a bridge.[↗](../../durability/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · "The clay figure was lifelike and beautiful, but it had not the whiteness or the durability of marble.[↗](../../durability/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**durable** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Durable means strong and lasting a long time without breaking or wearing out.[↗](../../durable/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (money) Durables or durable goods are things people buy that last many years, such as fridges and cars.[↗](../../durable/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* These boots are durable enough for muddy walks.[↗](../../durable/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Which material is most durable for a lunchbox?[↗](../../durable/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Plastic is durable, which is why it stays in the sea for so long.[↗](../../durable/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The durable bag lasted three years of school.[↗](../../durable/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Stone is a durable building material.[↗](../../durable/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The countries hoped for a durable peace.[↗](../../durable/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**duration** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The length of time something lasts, from its start to its end.[↗](../../duration/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* for the duration: for the whole time something lasts.[↗](../../duration/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The film has a duration of 90 minutes.[↗](../../duration/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Stay in your seats for the duration of the flight.[↗](../../duration/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Find the duration of a lesson that starts at 9:15 and ends at 10:00.[↗](../../duration/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The storm was of short duration.[↗](../../duration/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In music, a minim has a longer duration than a crotchet.[↗](../../duration/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The duration of the journey was three hours.[↗](../../duration/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The triumph of Achilles was not of long duration.[↗](../../duration/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**durham** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A city in north-east England, famous for its very old cathedral and castle on a hill above the river Wear, and for its university.[↗](../../durham/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The county around it, County Durham.[↗](../../durham/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A city in North Carolina, USA, and a region in Ontario, Canada.[↗](../../durham/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (rare) A surname, and the name of an old breed of shorthorn cattle.[↗](../../durham/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Durham Cathedral stands high above the river.[↗](../../durham/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My cousin studies at Durham University.[↗](../../durham/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We drove through County Durham on our way to Scotland.[↗](../../durham/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Durham is a city in North Carolina too.[↗](../../durham/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The miners of County Durham held a big gala every summer.[↗](../../durham/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Jevons has heard it in the neighbourhood of Durham; while a further version appeared in Monthly Chronicle of North Country Folk-Lore.[↗](../../durham/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**durian** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A durian is a big, spiky tropical fruit from Southeast Asia with soft, creamy flesh inside.[↗](../../durian/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It is famous for its very strong smell, which some people love and many find awful.[↗](../../durian/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A durian is covered in sharp spikes.[↗](../../durian/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The durian smelled so strong we opened the windows.[↗](../../durian/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In Singapore some trains have signs saying no durians.[↗](../../durian/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · People call the durian the king of fruits.[↗](../../durian/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My friend from Malaysia loves durian ice cream.[↗](../../durian/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Carry a durian carefully, the spikes can hurt.[↗](../../durian/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**during** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* During means all through a time: «during the night».[↗](../../during/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* During means at some point in a time: «He called during dinner».[↗](../../during/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* During the week, she read 40 pages.[↗](../../during/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He scored 12 points during the game.[↗](../../during/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · During the summer, 25 birds visited.[↗](../../during/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · How many did they sell during the sale?[↗](../../during/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Please don't talk during the test.[↗](../../during/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Bats sleep during the day.[↗](../../during/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We visited Gran during the holidays.[↗](../../during/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · During a fire drill, walk quietly outside.[↗](../../during/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · During the night the wolves had eaten it.[↗](../../during/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Both items refer to anatomical hiddenness: the word emerging from the tongue, hidden in the mouth, and circumcision of the genitals, the concealed lower organs revealed during circumcision.[↗](../../during/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../during/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Just as the sphere remains the same during the rotation on its axis in its setting and in its rising; yet it appears to us as if it had undergone a great change on account of its different position.[↗](../../during/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../during/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**durst** — *Early Modern English, meaning 1:* Had the courage to do something.[↗](../../durst/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* "How durst thou read such and such passages to me?" said the Tsar.--"They were written to be read," replied the priest.--"Written, indeed\![↗](../../durst/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales) · Now everybody in the town and neighborhood was in great fear, and no one durst venture out after sunset near the Gate of Rashomon.[↗](../../durst/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Japanese Fairy Tales) · And the woman was trying to get her cow to go up a ladder to the grass, and the poor thing durst not go.[↗](../../durst/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (English Fairy Tales)

**dusk** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The time of evening just after the sun has set, when it is getting dark but is not fully dark yet.[↗](../../dusk/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The dim light at that time.[↗](../../dusk/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Bats come out at dusk to hunt insects.[↗](../../dusk/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Be home before dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We walked home in the dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The farmers worked from dawn to dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn your bike lights on at dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Rabbits nibble the grass at dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Dusk fell, and the stars began to appear.[↗](../../dusk/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The garden looked magical at dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · By this time it was evening and the dusk was falling.[↗](../../dusk/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at dusk, is the LORD'S passover.[↗](../../dusk/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.23.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dusk/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at dusk.[↗](../../dusk/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.29.39, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dusk/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer at dusk; (Torah NUM.28.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dusk/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**dusky** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Rather dark, as at dusk, the time when evening turns into night.[↗](../../dusky/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Dark or dim in colour: «dusky pink», «dusky blue».[↗](../../dusky/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (old, now offensive) Used in old books to describe people with dark skin; this use is hurtful today and should not be used.[↗](../../dusky/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dusky sky was full of bats.[↗](../../dusky/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We walked home through the dusky lane.[↗](../../dusky/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She wore a dusky pink dress.[↗](../../dusky/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The dusky dolphin lives near New Zealand.[↗](../../dusky/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The room grew dusky as the sun went down.[↗](../../dusky/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Moths came out in the dusky garden.[↗](../../dusky/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · At last the sun went down behind the pine tops, and it was cool and dusky in the great wood.[↗](../../dusky/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**dust** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dust is very tiny bits of dirt, skin, hair and fibres that float in the air and settle on things.[↗](../../dust/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To dust means to wipe dust off furniture with a cloth.[↗](../../dust/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To dust also means to sprinkle a fine powder on something, like dusting a cake with sugar.[↗](../../dust/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Dust is fine dry soil or powder, like the dust on a dirt road.[↗](../../dust/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To raise a dust means to cause a commotion or fuss.[↗](../../dust/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The shelves were covered in dust.[↗](../../dust/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Can you dust the bookcase, please?[↗](../../dust/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Dust makes me sneeze.[↗](../../dust/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw dust floating in the sunbeam.[↗](../../dust/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The car left a cloud of dust on the dirt road.[↗](../../dust/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Dust the cake with icing sugar.[↗](../../dust/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Sweep the dust into the dustpan.[↗](../../dust/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · My old bike sat gathering dust in the shed.[↗](../../dust/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · “There is a dust,” he said.[↗](../../dust/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Who hath counted the dust of Jacob, or numbered the stock of Israel?[↗](../../dust/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.23.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And Abraham answered and said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who am but dust and ashes.[↗](../../dust/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.18.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed.[↗](../../dust/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.28.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Shall the dust praise Thee? shall it declare Thy truth?[↗](../../dust/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.30.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · All flesh shall perish together, and man shall return unto dust.[↗](../../dust/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.34.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust.[↗](../../dust/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.103.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../dust/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**duster** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A cloth for wiping dust off furniture and shelves.[↗](../../duster/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A board duster or board rubber: a pad used to wipe a chalkboard or whiteboard clean.[↗](../../duster/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (US, Australia) A long, light coat worn to keep dust off, especially by riders.[↗](../../duster/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A light housecoat.[↗](../../duster/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum gave me a yellow duster to polish the table.[↗](../../duster/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The teacher wiped the board with a duster.[↗](../../duster/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma uses a feather duster on the high shelves.[↗](../../duster/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mole spring-cleaned his house with brooms and dusters until his back ached.[↗](../../duster/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The cowboy wore a long brown duster.[↗](../../duster/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Shake the duster outside so the dust doesn't fly back in.[↗](../../duster/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The board duster was full of chalk.[↗](../../duster/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**dustman** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dustman is a worker who collects rubbish from bins and carries it away in a cart.[↗](../../dustman/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dustman emptied our bin on Monday.[↗](../../dustman/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The dustman's cart was full of rubbish.[↗](../../dustman/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Every week the dustmen come down our street.[↗](../../dustman/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**dustpan** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A dustpan is a flat pan with a handle into which you sweep dust and dirt with a small brush.[↗](../../dustpan/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Sweep the crumbs into the dustpan.[↗](../../dustpan/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Where's the dustpan and brush?[↗](../../dustpan/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad used a dustpan to pick up the broken glass.[↗](../../dustpan/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She emptied the dustpan into the bin.[↗](../../dustpan/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We took turns with the dustpan after art class.[↗](../../dustpan/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The dustpan was full of sand from the beach.[↗](../../dustpan/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**dusty** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dusty means covered with dust, the dry powder of dirt that collects on things.[↗](../../dusty/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A dusty road or place is dry with lots of loose dirt in the air.[↗](../../dusty/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Dusty can describe a dull, greyish colour, like dusty pink.[↗](../../dusty/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The books in the attic were old and dusty.[↗](../../dusty/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We drove along a dusty road.[↗](../../dusty/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Please wipe the dusty shelves.[↗](../../dusty/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · His boots were dusty after the walk.[↗](../../dusty/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The empty house smelled dusty.[↗](../../dusty/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Dusty air makes me sneeze.[↗](../../dusty/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · She wore a dusty pink dress.[↗](../../dusty/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Nobody had opened the dusty box for years.[↗](../../dusty/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Two Travellers were walking along a bare and dusty road in the heat of a summer's day.[↗](../../dusty/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**dutch** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* From the Netherlands (also called Holland), or to do with its people.[↗](../../dutch/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The language spoken in the Netherlands and part of Belgium.[↗](../../dutch/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (go Dutch) Each person pays for their own share of a meal or outing.[↗](../../dutch/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Many Dutch people ride bicycles to work.[↗](../../dutch/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My friend speaks Dutch and English.[↗](../../dutch/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Dutch farmers grow millions of tulips.[↗](../../dutch/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We went Dutch at the café, so everyone paid for their own drink.[↗](../../dutch/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Edam is a round Dutch cheese with red wax.[↗](../../dutch/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · They played double Dutch in the playground.[↗](../../dutch/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Dutch built walls called dykes to keep out the sea.[↗](../../dutch/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · New York was once a Dutch colony.[↗](../../dutch/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The room had the appearance of a Dutch interior.[↗](../../dutch/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**dutiful** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dutiful means careful to do what you should, obeying parents and keeping promises.[↗](../../dutiful/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The dutiful son fetched water for his mother.[↗](../../dutiful/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She was a dutiful pupil who always did her homework.[↗](../../dutiful/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Be a dutiful helper and tidy up after the game.[↗](../../dutiful/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**duty** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Something you must do because it is right, because it is your job or because the rules or the law say so.[↗](../../duty/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Work that is part of a job, as in a teacher on playground duty.[↗](../../duty/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A tax paid on some goods, especially things brought in from another country.[↗](../../duty/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* "On duty" means working right now; "off duty" means not working.[↗](../../duty/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mrs Patel is on playground duty today.[↗](../../duty/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · It is my duty to feed the goldfish.[↗](../../duty/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The nurse came off duty at seven o'clock.[↗](../../duty/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Firefighters do their duty bravely.[↗](../../duty/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My duties as class monitor include handing out books.[↗](../../duty/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We have a duty to look after the planet.[↗](../../duty/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · This bag is heavy-duty, so it won't tear.[↗](../../duty/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad bought chocolate at the duty-free shop at the airport.[↗](../../duty/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Youth’s first duty is reverence to parents.[↗](../../duty/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And Judah said unto Onan: 'Go in unto thy brother's wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother unto her, and raise up seed to thy brother.'[↗](../../duty/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.38.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../duty/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And they kept the feast of tabernacles, as it is written, and offered the daily burnt-offerings by number, according to the ordinance, as the duty of every day required; (Writings EZR.3.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../duty/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**duvet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A duvet is a big soft bed cover filled with feathers or other soft material, which you sleep under to keep warm.[↗](../../duvet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I snuggled under my warm duvet.[↗](../../duvet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum put a clean duvet cover on my bed.[↗](../../duvet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My duvet has dinosaurs on it.[↗](../../duvet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In winter I use a thicker duvet.[↗](../../duvet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Shake the duvet to make it fluffy.[↗](../../duvet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I made my bed and straightened the duvet.[↗](../../duvet/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**dvd** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A DVD is a flat round shiny disc that holds films, music, games or computer files.[↗](../../dvd/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It is read by a DVD player or a computer.[↗](../../dvd/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Today many people stream films instead.[↗](../../dvd/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A DVD costs $8.[↗](../../dvd/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She has 24 DVDs.[↗](../../dvd/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He rented 3 DVDs.[↗](../../dvd/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Each shelf holds 15 DVDs.[↗](../../dvd/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We watched a DVD on the rainy day.[↗](../../dvd/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · You can borrow DVDs from the library.[↗](../../dvd/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Put the DVD back in its case.[↗](../../dvd/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

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