---
title: I — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 34
description: The 831 words of the English dictionary under I, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# I — The English dictionary · page 34

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**invading** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Entering a country or place by force, with an army, to take control of it.[↗](../../invading/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Coming into a place in large numbers, often in an unwanted way, like insects or weeds.[↗](../../invading/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Getting into the body and causing harm, as germs do.[↗](../../invading/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Going into someone's private space or life without being wanted.[↗](../../invading/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Vikings were invading the coast of England.[↗](../../invading/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The invading army crossed the river at dawn.[↗](../../invading/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · White blood cells fight invading germs.[↗](../../invading/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Ants are invading our kitchen again.[↗](../../invading/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Stop reading my diary, you're invading my privacy\![↗](../../invading/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Russia's army invading Ukraine in 2022 was condemned by most countries at the UN.[↗](../../invading/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cane toads are invading new parts of Australia.[↗](../../invading/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The weeds are invading the vegetable patch.[↗](../../invading/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · After which he lifted the spell, and the invading army slunk back to Rome, and reported what Virgilius had said to the emperor.[↗](../../invading/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**invalid** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (adjective) Not legally or officially acceptable, as in an invalid ticket.[↗](../../invalid/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (adjective) Not correct or not based on good reasons, as in an invalid argument or invalid input.[↗](../../invalid/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (noun, old and can be offensive) A person who is ill or disabled for a long time and needs care.[↗](../../invalid/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* This ticket is invalid — it's for yesterday's show.[↗](../../invalid/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The password is invalid, try again.[↗](../../invalid/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Your argument is invalid because you skipped a step.[↗](../../invalid/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A cheque without a signature is invalid.[↗](../../invalid/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Her passport was invalid, so she couldn't fly.[↗](../../invalid/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the old story, the invalid was cared for by his sister.[↗](../../invalid/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · It was warranted harmless to infants and invalids, so he felt quite safe.[↗](../../invalid/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invariable** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Invariable means never changing; always the same.[↗](../../invariable/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (grammar) An invariable word does not change its form, for example «sheep» has the same singular and plural.[↗](../../invariable/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (maths, rare) An invariable or invariant is a value that stays the same when other things change.[↗](../../invariable/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Her invariable answer was «Maybe later».[↗](../../invariable/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandpa had an invariable habit of reading the paper after lunch.[↗](../../invariable/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The rule is invariable: no phones in class.[↗](../../invariable/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «Sheep» is an invariable noun: one sheep, two sheep.[↗](../../invariable/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · His invariable smile cheered everyone up.[↗](../../invariable/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Nothing in nature is truly invariable.[↗](../../invariable/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The same devices are in almost all cases resorted to, and their effect is invariable.[↗](../../invariable/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invariably** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Always, every time, without any change.[↗](../../invariably/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The bus is invariably late on Mondays.[↗](../../invariably/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My brother invariably eats the last biscuit.[↗](../../invariably/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Water invariably boils at 100 °C at sea level.[↗](../../invariably/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · When it rains, the field invariably floods.[↗](../../invariably/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She invariably arrives with a smile.[↗](../../invariably/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cat invariably sits on my homework.[↗](../../invariably/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He is quite deaf and blind, and invariably barks when there is no need, and makes no sound when there is.[↗](../../invariably/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invasion** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* When an army enters another country by force to attack or take it.[↗](../../invasion/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* When a large number of people, animals or things arrive and spread somewhere, often causing trouble (an invasion of ants).[↗](../../invasion/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Getting into something that should be private (an invasion of privacy).[↗](../../invasion/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* An invasion can also be an unfair act that takes away someone's rights.[↗](../../invasion/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Roman invasion of Britain changed life on the island.[↗](../../invasion/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Our picnic suffered an invasion of ants.[↗](../../invasion/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Reading my diary is an invasion of privacy\![↗](../../invasion/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Rabbits were an invasion that harmed Australia's plants.[↗](../../invasion/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The film is about an alien invasion.[↗](../../invasion/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The soldiers prepared for an invasion from the sea.[↗](../../invasion/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · An invasion of tourists fills the town every summer.[↗](../../invasion/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Jupiter granted beards to the She-Goats at their own request, much to the disgust of the he-Goats, who considered this to be an unwarrantable invasion of their rights and dignities.[↗](../../invasion/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**invasive** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An invasive plant or animal spreads into a place where it does not belong and harms the plants and animals already living there.[↗](../../invasive/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An invasive illness, such as some cancers, spreads into other parts of the body.[↗](../../invasive/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* An invasive medical test or operation goes inside the body, by cutting or putting something in.[↗](../../invasive/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Invasive questions or actions go too far into someone's private life.[↗](../../invasive/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Cane toads are an invasive species in Australia.[↗](../../invasive/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grey squirrels are invasive in Britain and push out red squirrels.[↗](../../invasive/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor said the scan is non-invasive and will not hurt.[↗](../../invasive/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Asking how much money someone earns can feel invasive.[↗](../../invasive/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Japanese knotweed is an invasive plant that is hard to remove.[↗](../../invasive/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Invasive weeds choked the pond.[↗](../../invasive/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Some apps collect invasive amounts of data.[↗](../../invasive/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invent** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To make or design something new that did not exist before.[↗](../../invent/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To make up a story or excuse that is not true.[↗](../../invent/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Who invented the telephone?[↗](../../invent/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We invented a new game at lunch.[↗](../../invent/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The wheel was invented thousands of years ago.[↗](../../invent/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She invented a machine to feed her cat.[↗](../../invent/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He invented an excuse for being late.[↗](../../invent/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Let's invent a story about a talking frog.[↗](../../invent/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · You will not learn how to invent anything."[↗](../../invent/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Ginsburg asserts that the system of vowel polluting was invented by a Rabbi Mocha in Palestine about a.d.[↗](../../invent/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") 570, who designed it to assist his pupils.[↗](../../invent/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../invent/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · (1) "isiD (Scribe), the man whom God inspired to invent the alphabet; (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../invent/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · bols were alre;iily in existence from tiie time the numerals were invented.[↗](../../invent/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../invent/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And he made in Jerusalem engines, invented by skilful men, to be on the towers and upon the corners, wherewith to shoot arrows and great stones.[↗](../../invent/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 2CH.26.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../invent/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**invention** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An invention is a new thing or idea that someone has made or thought of for the first time.[↗](../../invention/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Invention is the act of inventing something.[↗](../../invention/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* An invention can also be a made-up story that is not true.[↗](../../invention/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The light bulb was an important invention.[↗](../../invention/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The invention of the wheel made travel easier.[↗](../../invention/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My invention is a machine that walks the dog.[↗](../../invention/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The telephone was Alexander Graham Bell's invention.[↗](../../invention/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · His excuse was pure invention.[↗](../../invention/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We entered our inventions in the science fair.[↗](../../invention/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The internet is one of the biggest inventions of all.[↗](../../invention/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Ah, yes; sleep is a capital invention.[↗](../../invention/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · invention of letters was anciently spoken of as the creation of the universe.[↗](../../invention/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../invention/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · '"The invention of Signs to represent numbers is doubtless much older than any form ol writing" (Chambers Encyclopaedia, 1893, Vol. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../invention/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · The invention of such an alphabet as the Libyan must have con- sisted, chiefly of symbols for consonants, because vowel sym- (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../invention/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Behold, this only have I found, that God made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.[↗](../../invention/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings ECC.7.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../invention/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**inventiveness** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* The quality of being good at coming up with new ideas or new ways of doing things.[↗](../../inventiveness/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I base it off an interpretation of the SY’s internal structure, the semantic properties of the root ספ״ר SPR, and the SY’s general grammatical inventiveness.[↗](../../inventiveness/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../inventiveness/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**inventor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An inventor is a person who thinks of and makes something new that did not exist before, such as a machine, tool or way of doing something.[↗](../../inventor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Thomas Edison was a famous inventor.[↗](../../inventor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The inventor of the telephone was Alexander Graham Bell.[↗](../../inventor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class held a young inventors' fair.[↗](../../inventor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The inventor tested his machine many times before it worked.[↗](../../inventor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She wants to be an inventor when she grows up.[↗](../../inventor/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Many inventors fail many times before they succeed.[↗](../../inventor/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A capital toast was drunk to the inventor of the soup, and some one said he ought to be made a relieving officer to the poor.[↗](../../inventor/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · 15) As the Arabic numeral system of notation apparently originated from the Selirot philosophy of the Sefer Yetzirah, it is proper to share the view of those who claim the Hebrews as its inventors (E. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../inventor/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**inventory** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A complete list of all the things in a place, such as goods in a shop or items in a house.[↗](../../inventory/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* All the goods a shop or company has in store, ready to sell (stock).[↗](../../inventory/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (games) The list or box of things a player carries in a video game.[↗](../../inventory/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (verb) To make a full list of things.[↗](../../inventory/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The shop takes an inventory of everything on the shelves each January.[↗](../../inventory/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Robinson made an inventory of the things he saved from the wreck.[↗](../../inventory/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My inventory is full, so I can't pick up the sword.[↗](../../inventory/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The library inventory shows 3,000 books.[↗](../../inventory/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Before we moved, Mum made an inventory of the furniture.[↗](../../inventory/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The toy shop's inventory ran low before Christmas.[↗](../../inventory/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · If the inventory had 120 pens and 45 were sold, 75 are left.[↗](../../inventory/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**inversion** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Turning something upside down or the other way round.[↗](../../inversion/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (maths) Changing to the opposite or reverse, such as swapping the top and bottom of a fraction, or using the inverse operation.[↗](../../inversion/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (grammar) Changing the usual order of words, like putting the verb before the subject in a question («Are you…?»).[↗](../../inversion/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (weather) A temperature inversion: a layer of warm air over cold air near the ground that traps fog and smoke.[↗](../../inversion/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (music) Changing the order of the notes in a chord.[↗](../../inversion/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The roller coaster has three inversions.[↗](../../inversion/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · To divide by a fraction, we use inversion: 1/2 becomes 2/1.[↗](../../inversion/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · «Are you ready?» uses inversion of the subject and the verb.[↗](../../inversion/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A temperature inversion trapped the smoke over the city.[↗](../../inversion/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The poem uses inversion to make the rhyme fit.[↗](../../inversion/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The pianist played the chord in its first inversion.[↗](../../inversion/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Inversion of colours turns black into white on the screen.[↗](../../inversion/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invert** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To invert something is to turn it upside down.[↗](../../invert/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To invert something is to swap it round so it goes the opposite way, back to front or in reverse order.[↗](../../invert/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (maths) To invert a fraction is to turn it upside down, so 2/3 becomes 3/2.[↗](../../invert/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Invert the glass and the water will spill out.[↗](../../invert/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · To divide by 1/2, invert it and multiply by 2.[↗](../../invert/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A pinhole camera inverts the picture.[↗](../../invert/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In a question we invert «he is» to «is he».[↗](../../invert/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Put the words in inverted commas.[↗](../../invert/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cake was inverted onto a plate.[↗](../../invert/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Bats hang inverted from the cave roof.[↗](../../invert/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invertebrate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone, such as an insect, spider, worm, snail, jellyfish or crab.[↗](../../invertebrate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Invertebrate (adjective) means having no backbone.[↗](../../invertebrate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A worm is an invertebrate because it has no backbone.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Insects, spiders and snails are invertebrates.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We went on a hunt for invertebrates under logs.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Most animals on Earth are invertebrates.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A crab is an invertebrate with a hard shell called an exoskeleton.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · An octopus is a clever invertebrate.[↗](../../invertebrate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**inverted** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Inverted means turned upside down or the other way round.[↗](../../inverted/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Inverted commas are the punctuation marks ‘ ’ or « » used around speech or a quote; also called speech marks or quotation marks.[↗](../../inverted/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Put inverted commas around what the character says.[↗](../../inverted/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The camera made an inverted picture.[↗](../../inverted/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn the jar inverted on the plate.[↗](../../inverted/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · To divide by a fraction, multiply by the inverted fraction.[↗](../../inverted/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The bat hung inverted from the branch.[↗](../../inverted/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The letters on the reflection looked inverted.[↗](../../inverted/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The roof had the appearance of an inverted flower, and the colors grew deeper and brighter to the gazer.[↗](../../inverted/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**invest** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (money) To invest is to put money into something, like a business, shares or a bank account, hoping to get more money back later.[↗](../../invest/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To invest time or effort in something is to spend it because you think it will be worth it.[↗](../../invest/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To invest in something can mean to buy something useful that will last.[↗](../../invest/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (formal) To invest someone with power is to give them official power or a title.[↗](../../invest/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Grandma invested her savings in a small bakery.[↗](../../invest/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · If you invest your money, it might grow, but it might also shrink.[↗](../../invest/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I invested a lot of time in this model rocket.[↗](../../invest/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · It's worth investing in good football boots.[↗](../../invest/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The town invested in a new playground.[↗](../../invest/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The company invests in solar panels.[↗](../../invest/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Practising every day is investing in yourself.[↗](../../invest/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He sold all his flock, invested it in a cargo of dates, and set sail.[↗](../../invest/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · 'Son of man, write thee the name of the day, even of this selfsame day; this selfsame day the king of Babylon hath invested Jerusalem.[↗](../../invest/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.24.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../invest/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**investigate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To try to find out the facts about something, especially a crime or problem.[↗](../../investigate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (science, maths) To study or test something carefully to learn about it.[↗](../../investigate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Investigate which ball bounces highest.[↗](../../investigate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The police are investigating the burglary.[↗](../../investigate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We investigated how plants grow in the dark.[↗](../../investigate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Investigate the pattern in the times tables.[↗](../../investigate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum went to investigate the strange noise.[↗](../../investigate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The detective investigated every clue.[↗](../../investigate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Let the facts of the case be thoroughly investigated.[↗](../../investigate/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · After that our father Abraham had seen, and pondered over, investigated, and understood these things, he designed, engraved, and composed them, and received them into his power (hands).[↗](../../investigate/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../investigate/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Learn this wisdom, and be wise in the understanding of it, investigate these numbers, and draw knowledge from them, fix the design in its purity, and pass from it to its Creator seated on his throne.[↗](../../investigate/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../investigate/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The Sefer Yetzirah urges us to investigate and examine the letters, that we may have a clear insight into the subject.[↗](../../investigate/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../investigate/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

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