---
title: I — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 36
description: The 831 words of the English dictionary under I, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# I — The English dictionary · page 36

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**inwardly** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* In one's inner thoughts or heart rather than in outward appearance.[↗](../../inwardly/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* They only devise to thrust him down from his height, delighting in lies; they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly.[↗](../../inwardly/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.62.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../inwardly/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**inwrought** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Woven or worked into the material as a decoration.[↗](../../inwrought/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* All glorious is the king's daughter within the palace; her raiment is of chequer work inwrought with gold.[↗](../../inwrought/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.45.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../inwrought/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**iodine** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) A chemical element (symbol I, number 53) that forms dark purple-black crystals and a violet gas when heated.[↗](../../iodine/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A brown liquid made with iodine that is put on cuts to kill germs.[↗](../../iodine/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (health) A mineral the body needs in tiny amounts to make hormones, found in fish, seaweed, milk and iodised salt.[↗](../../iodine/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We dropped iodine on the bread and it turned blue-black, so it has starch.[↗](../../iodine/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The nurse dabbed iodine on my grazed knee.[↗](../../iodine/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Iodine is element number 53 on the periodic table.[↗](../../iodine/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Seaweed contains a lot of iodine.[↗](../../iodine/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our salt says «iodised» on the packet.[↗](../../iodine/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · When heated, iodine gives off a purple vapour.[↗](../../iodine/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Iodine stains are hard to wash out of clothes.[↗](../../iodine/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**ion** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) An atom or a small group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost one or more electrons.[↗](../../ion/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A positive ion has lost electrons; a negative ion has gained electrons.[↗](../../ion/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Ion is also a boy's name, as in old Greek stories.[↗](../../ion/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Salt is made of sodium ions and chloride ions.[↗](../../ion/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A lithium-ion battery powers my tablet.[↗](../../ion/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · An ion has an electric charge.[↗](../../ion/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion.[↗](../../ion/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Salty water conducts electricity because it contains ions.[↗](../../ion/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Our science teacher drew the ions as little circles with plus and minus signs.[↗](../../ion/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Some air purifiers claim to release negative ions.[↗](../../ion/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Ion's suspicions at once fell upon the obsequious servant of Creusa, who with such officious attention had filled his cup.[↗](../../ion/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**iou** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A short written note that says you owe someone money; it stands for «I owe you» because the letters sound like those words.[↗](../../iou/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) A promise to do something or pay back later.[↗](../../iou/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I didn't have any money, so I gave my sister an IOU for £2.[↗](../../iou/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad found an old IOU in his wallet.[↗](../../iou/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The pirate's map came with an IOU for ten gold coins.[↗](../../iou/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · My birthday card had an IOU for a trip to the cinema.[↗](../../iou/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · If you write an IOU, you must pay it back.[↗](../../iou/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Tom has three IOUs from his brother for chores.[↗](../../iou/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · An IOU for $10 means the writer owes $10.[↗](../../iou/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**iowa** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A state in the middle of the United States of America, in the Midwest, known for farms, maize (corn) and pigs.[↗](../../iowa/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") Its capital is Des Moines.[↗](../../iowa/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Iowa is a state in the Midwest of the USA.[↗](../../iowa/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My cousin lives on a farm in Iowa.[↗](../../iowa/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Iowa grows a lot of corn.[↗](../../iowa/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.[↗](../../iowa/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We drove across Iowa on our road trip.[↗](../../iowa/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Iowa is between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.[↗](../../iowa/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**ip** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Just a few letters cut off from a longer word or a bit of Hebrew print; it is not a real word.[↗](../../ip/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I came to this conclusion in investig- ating the pronunciation of the vowels, which the reader will tind in my nNrpr: -ip;r "prT (will a\]ipear shortly i. in which 1 have discussed it at lengtii.[↗](../../ip/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../ip/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**ipad** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An iPad is a tablet computer made by the company Apple, with a touch screen and no keyboard.[↗](../../ipad/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We used iPads to take photos in science.[↗](../../ipad/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Please charge the iPad before the lesson.[↗](../../ipad/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My little brother watches cartoons on the iPad.[↗](../../ipad/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't share your iPad password.[↗](../../ipad/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The class has 15 iPads for 30 pupils.[↗](../../ipad/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I called Grandma on the iPad.[↗](../../ipad/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**iphone** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A brand of smartphone made by the company Apple.[↗](../../iphone/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum checked the map on her iPhone.[↗](../../iphone/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My uncle has the newest iPhone.[↗](../../iphone/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · You can call 999 or 911 from an iPhone even when it is locked.[↗](../../iphone/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The iPhone needs to be charged every night.[↗](../../iphone/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad set screen time limits on my iPhone.[↗](../../iphone/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She took a photo with her iPhone.[↗](../../iphone/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**iq** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* IQ stands for «intelligence quotient», a score from a special test that tries to measure some kinds of thinking skills, like puzzles and patterns.[↗](../../iq/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") The average score is set at 100.[↗](../../iq/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The test gave an IQ score of 105.[↗](../../iq/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · An average IQ is about 100.[↗](../../iq/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Having a high IQ does not make you a good friend.[↗](../../iq/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Some people say IQ tests miss many kinds of talent.[↗](../../iq/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She joked that her cat has a high IQ.[↗](../../iq/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor used an IQ test as one of many checks.[↗](../../iq/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · IQ THE ORIGIN OF LETTERS AND NUMERALS.[↗](../../iq/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../iq/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**ir** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* «Ir-» is a prefix meaning «not», used before words beginning with «r», as in irregular (not regular), irresponsible (not responsible) and irrelevant (not relevant).[↗](../../ir/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «IR» is a short form for infrared, light just beyond red that we cannot see but feel as heat, used in TV remote controls.[↗](../../ir/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* «Ir» is the chemical symbol for the element iridium.[↗](../../ir/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (Irish, Scots, slang) In some written dialect, «ir» may stand for «our» or «are».[↗](../../ir/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* «Irregular» means «not regular»; the «ir-» means not.[↗](../../ir/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The TV remote sends an IR signal to the television.[↗](../../ir/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · An IR camera can show warm animals at night.[↗](../../ir/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Add «ir-» to «responsible» to make «irresponsible».[↗](../../ir/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · «Ir» is the symbol for iridium on the periodic table.[↗](../../ir/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Irrelevant means not connected to the topic.[↗](../../ir/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-ir, and Calah, (Torah GEN.10.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ir/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto Ir-moab, which is on the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.[↗](../../ir/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.22.36, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ir/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-shemesh; (Prophets JOS.19.41, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ir/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And Eshton begot Beth-rapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-nahash.[↗](../../ir/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.4.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ir/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Shuppim also, and Huppim, the sons of Ir, Hushim, the son of another.[↗](../../ir/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.7.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ir/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**ira** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A man's name in the Bible.[↗](../../ira/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite; (Prophets 2SA.23.38, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ira/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · and Ira also the Jairite was chief minister unto David.[↗](../../ira/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2SA.20.26, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ira/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite; (Prophets 2SA.23.26, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ira/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**ire** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* An old word for anger.[↗](../../ire/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It is worthy ot note that Philo attributes the tirst inven- tion of letters to Abraham iRees, Ci,clopediii, art.[↗](../../ire/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../ire/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**iridium** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A very hard, heavy, silvery metal, a chemical element (symbol Ir), which hardly rusts or wears away.[↗](../../iridium/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Iridium is one of the densest metals on Earth.[↗](../../iridium/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists found a layer of iridium in rocks all over the world.[↗](../../iridium/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · That iridium came from an asteroid.[↗](../../iridium/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Iridium hardly ever rusts.[↗](../../iridium/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The tip of the fountain pen is made with iridium.[↗](../../iridium/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**iris** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The iris is the coloured ring in your eye around the black pupil; it gets bigger or smaller to control how much light goes into the eye.[↗](../../iris/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An iris is a tall garden flower with sword-shaped leaves and flowers often purple, blue, yellow or white.[↗](../../iris/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (a name) Iris is a girl's name; in Greek myths Iris was the goddess of the rainbow.[↗](../../iris/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The iris is the coloured part of your eye.[↗](../../iris/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · In bright light, the iris makes the pupil smaller.[↗](../../iris/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Her irises are green.[↗](../../iris/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Purple irises grew by the pond.[↗](../../iris/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Van Gogh painted a field of irises.[↗](../../iris/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My great-aunt is called Iris.[↗](../../iris/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The rainbow goddess Iris carried messages for the gods.[↗](../../iris/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Iris is usually represented seated behind the chariot of Hera, ready to do the bidding of her royal mistress.[↗](../../iris/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**irish** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* From Ireland, or to do with Ireland and its people.[↗](../../irish/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The Irish language (Gaeilge), a Celtic language spoken in Ireland.[↗](../../irish/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My grandma is Irish and lives in Galway.[↗](../../irish/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Children in Ireland learn Irish at school.[↗](../../irish/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We watched Irish dancers at the festival.[↗](../../irish/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The ferry crossed the Irish Sea.[↗](../../irish/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Saint Patrick's Day is a big Irish holiday.[↗](../../irish/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Irish stew is made with lamb and potatoes.[↗](../../irish/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Many Irish people moved to America long ago.[↗](../../irish/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks.[↗](../../irish/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**irishman** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A man who was born in Ireland or whose family and home are Irish.[↗](../../irishman/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The famous writer Oscar Wilde was an Irishman.[↗](../../irishman/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · An Irishman ran the little shop on the corner.[↗](../../irishman/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My grandad is an Irishman from County Cork.[↗](../../irishman/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Irishmen sang loudly after the rugby match.[↗](../../irishman/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Saint Patrick was not born an Irishman but became the saint of Ireland.[↗](../../irishman/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The story begins with an Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman on a train.[↗](../../irishman/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · ‘Where did you come from, my lad?’ said the Irishman.[↗](../../irishman/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**iron** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Iron is a strong, hard, grey metal used to make steel, tools, gates and railings.[↗](../../iron/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An iron is a household tool with a flat hot bottom that you press on clothes to make them smooth.[↗](../../iron/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To iron clothes is to make them smooth with an iron.[↗](../../iron/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Iron is also a mineral your body needs in its blood, found in foods like spinach, red meat and beans.[↗](../../iron/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* Iron can also describe something very strong, hard or cruel, like an iron grip.[↗](../../iron/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Magnets pick up iron nails.[↗](../../iron/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The gate is made of iron.[↗](../../iron/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum irons my school shirt on Sunday night.[↗](../../iron/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Be careful, the iron is very hot\![↗](../../iron/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Spinach has iron in it.[↗](../../iron/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Iron rusts if you leave it out in the rain.[↗](../../iron/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In the Iron Age people made tools from iron.[↗](../../iron/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad is ironing his trousers.[↗](../../iron/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But an iron claw gripped his shoulder.[↗](../../iron/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Howbeit the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead, (Torah NUM.31.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Iron and brass shall be thy bars; and as thy days, so shall thy strength be.[↗](../../iron/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.33.25, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.[↗](../../iron/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.28.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Can iron break iron from the north and brass?[↗](../../iron/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.15.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.[↗](../../iron/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.41.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · His feet they hurt with fetters, his person was laid in iron; (Writings PSA.105.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../iron/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**ironclad** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Ironclad means covered or protected with iron plates.[↗](../../ironclad/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* An ironclad was a 19th-century warship covered with iron armour.[↗](../../ironclad/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (figurative) Ironclad means so strong it cannot be broken or doubted: «an ironclad promise».[↗](../../ironclad/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The ironclad ship could not be sunk by wooden cannonballs.[↗](../../ironclad/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The USS Monitor was a famous ironclad.[↗](../../ironclad/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The detective found that the butler had an ironclad alibi.[↗](../../ironclad/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The company gave an ironclad guarantee that the toy was safe.[↗](../../ironclad/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Ironclads replaced wooden warships in the 1800s.[↗](../../ironclad/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Her excuse was ironclad: she was at the dentist.[↗](../../ironclad/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**ironic** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Strange or funny because it is the opposite of what you would expect, as in «It's ironic that the fire station burned down».[↗](../../ironic/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Saying the opposite of what you mean as a joke, as in an ironic «Great weather!» when it rains.[↗](../../ironic/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It's ironic that the swimming teacher can't swim.[↗](../../ironic/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Lovely day,» he said in an ironic voice as it poured.[↗](../../ironic/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · It was ironic that the alarm clock made him late.[↗](../../ironic/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Her ironic comment made us laugh.[↗](../../ironic/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The story ends in an ironic twist.[↗](../../ironic/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · It's ironic that the «No Litter» sign was lying on the ground.[↗](../../ironic/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**ironically** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In a way that is the opposite of what you would expect, which makes it strange or funny.[↗](../../ironically/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Saying something but meaning the opposite, as a joke.[↗](../../ironically/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ironically, the fire alarm caught fire.[↗](../../ironically/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ironically, the spelling champion misspelt his own name.[↗](../../ironically/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She clapped ironically when he dropped the ball.[↗](../../ironically/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Ironically, the dog was scared of the cat.[↗](../../ironically/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · «Brilliant,» he said ironically, looking at the mess.[↗](../../ironically/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Ironically, the shortcut took longer.[↗](../../ironically/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**iroquoian** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Iroquoian is a family of languages spoken by Native American and First Nations peoples of north-eastern North America, including Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tuscarora and Cherokee.[↗](../../iroquoian/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Iroquoian describes these peoples, their languages and their culture.[↗](../../iroquoian/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mohawk is an Iroquoian language.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cherokee is also part of the Iroquoian family, though spoken further south.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Iroquoian villages had long wooden longhouses.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Iroquoian farmers grew corn, beans and squash together.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some schools in Canada teach Iroquoian languages to keep them alive.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Many place names in New York State come from Iroquoian words.[↗](../../iroquoian/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

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