---
title: knapsack — English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «knapsack» in the English dictionary: A bag carried on the back, used for carrying food and things on a journey. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# knapsack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, raven, student, I · **What happens:** carry, use, pack, have, take, set off · **To what, where:** bag, back, food, journey, bread, knapsack · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«knapsack» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [knapsack in the English dictionary](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/english/knapsack/).

## Everyday, meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bag carried on the back, used for carrying food and things on a journey.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:m1:1
# text = A bag carried on the back, used for carrying food and things on a journey.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | participle |  | a bag *not said here* |  | the back |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a bag *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carry** | gerund |  | food and things |  | a journey |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Early Modern English, meaning 1 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bag carried on the back for food and things on a journey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:m2:1
# text = A bag carried on the back for food and things on a journey.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | participle · passive |  | a bag |  | the back for food and things on a journey |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He packed bread and cheese in his knapsack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x1:1
# text = He packed bread and cheese in his knapsack.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	packed	pack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | past | He | bread and cheese |  | his knapsack |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bread=Theme in knapsack=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The raven had a little knapsack on his back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x2:1
# text = The raven had a little knapsack on his back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the raven | a little knapsack |  | raven's back |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knapsack=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The student took his knapsack and set off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x3:1
# text = The student took his knapsack and set off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the student | student's knapsack |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knapsack=Theme |
| 2 | **set off** | infinitive | the student *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will fill your knapsack—I will fill your pouch.’

<!-- .note -->
From The Crimson Fairy Book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x4:1
# text = I will fill your knapsack—I will fill your pouch.’
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | future | I | your knapsack |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent knapsack=Patient |
| 2 | **fill** | future | I | your pouch |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pouch=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“He had a little knapsack at his back,” said the Raven.

<!-- .note -->
From Andersen's Fairy Tales.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x5:1
# text = “He had a little knapsack at his back,” said the Raven.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Raven	Raven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | past | He | a little knapsack |  | his back |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knapsack=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Raven |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The student took his knapsack and betook himself to the ferry-house.

<!-- .note -->
From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:knapsack:x6:1
# text = The student took his knapsack and betook himself to the ferry-house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	knapsack	knapsack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	betook	betake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the student | student's knapsack |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knapsack=Theme |
| 2 | **betake** | past | the student *not said here* | student |  |  |  | to the ferry house | tree rules |

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**Text:** the English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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