--- title: L — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 24 description: The 644 words of the English dictionary under L, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/page/24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/) / L # L — The English dictionary · page 24 [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/A/) · [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/B/) · [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/C/) · [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/) · [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/E/) · [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/F/) · [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/G/) · [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/H/) · [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/I/) · [J](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/J/) · [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/K/) · [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/) · [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/M/) · [N](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/N/) · [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/O/) · [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/P/) · [Q](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Q/) · [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/R/) · [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/S/) · [T](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/T/) · [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/U/) · [V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/) · [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/W/) · [X](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/X/) · [Y](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Y/) · [Z](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Z/) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/) … [23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/page/23/) **24** [25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/page/25/) … [35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/page/35/) **liquidate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (formal, business) To liquidate a company is to close it and sell everything it owns to pay its debts.[↗](../../liquidate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (formal) To turn things you own into money by selling them.[↗](../../liquidate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (formal, euphemism) To kill or get rid of enemies, in stories and history.[↗](../../liquidate/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The failing company was liquidated.[↗](../../liquidate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · They liquidated their savings to buy a house.[↗](../../liquidate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop had to liquidate its stock in a closing-down sale.[↗](../../liquidate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In the spy story, the villain ordered the agent to be liquidated.[↗](../../liquidate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Banks may liquidate a business that cannot pay its debts.[↗](../../liquidate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The toy factory was liquidated after losing money.[↗](../../liquidate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **liquor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Liquor is a strong alcoholic drink, such as whisky or rum.[↗](../../liquor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old use) Liquor can mean any drink or liquid, such as the juice left after food is cooked.[↗](../../liquor/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The old man poured a cup of liquor.[↗](../../liquor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Strong liquor is not good for children.[↗](../../liquor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The cook saved the liquor from the boiled peas.[↗](../../liquor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · he shall abstain from wine and strong drink: he shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.[↗](../../liquor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.6.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../liquor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") **list** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A list is a set of words, names or numbers written one after another, often one under another.[↗](../../list/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To list things is to write them or say them one after another.[↗](../../list/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To be on a list is to be included in it: on the waiting list.[↗](../../list/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A ship that lists leans to one side.[↗](../../list/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Her shopping list has 9 things.[↗](../../list/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · List the numbers from 1 to 10.[↗](../../list/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The prices on the list are 3, 5 and 8 dollars.[↗](../../list/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · How much do all the things on the list cost?[↗](../../list/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum wrote a list of things to pack for camp.[↗](../../list/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My name is first on the class list.[↗](../../list/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · List three animals that live in the ocean.[↗](../../list/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · I made a to-do list for the weekend.[↗](../../list/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Put commas between the items in a list.[↗](../../list/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The remaining amendments are listed below.[↗](../../list/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Although the greater part of this passage is obviously spu- rious, attributing, as it does, to Joseph ben Uziel works of other authors, it may be authentic with regard to the Sefer Yetzirah, which heads the list.[↗](../../list/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../list/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") **listen** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To listen is to pay attention to sounds or words so that you hear them: listen to music.[↗](../../listen/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To listen is to take advice and do what someone says.[↗](../../listen/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* He never listens\![↗](../../listen/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Student: I am listening.[↗](../../listen/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") I will remember: «more» — add …[↗](../../listen/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Listen to the whole problem.[↗](../../listen/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Listen carefully to the instructions.[↗](../../listen/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We listened to a story about a dragon.[↗](../../listen/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I like to listen to music in the car.[↗](../../listen/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Listen\![↗](../../listen/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") Can you hear the birds?[↗](../../listen/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Stop, look and listen before you cross the road.[↗](../../listen/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Thank you for listening.[↗](../../listen/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Listen, and I will tell you."[↗](../../listen/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Behold, I waited for your words, I listened for your reasons, whilst ye searched out what to say.[↗](../../listen/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.32.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../listen/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Listen, O isles, unto me, and hearken, ye peoples, from far: the LORD hath called me from the womb, from the bowels of my mother hath He made mention of my name; (Prophets ISA.49.1, JPS 1917)[↗](../../listen/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · I attended and listened, but they spoke not aright; no man repenteth him of his wickedness, saying: 'What have I done?'[↗](../../listen/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") Every one turneth away in his course, as a horse that rusheth headlong in the battle.[↗](../../listen/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.8.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../listen/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") **listener** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A person who listens to someone or something.[↗](../../listener/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A person who listens to a radio programme or podcast.[↗](../../listener/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Be a good listener and look at the person speaking.[↗](../../listener/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My best friend is a great listener.[↗](../../listener/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The radio presenter said hello to all the listeners.[↗](../../listener/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Good listeners don't interrupt.[↗](../../listener/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The storyteller kept her listeners quiet and excited.[↗](../../listener/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Thousands of listeners called the radio show.[↗](../../listener/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A good listener asks questions about what you said.[↗](../../listener/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · It is heard by the sleepless listener in the thickly-walled rooms at Borglum.[↗](../../listener/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **lit** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Lit is the past form of «light», as in to make something start burning (lit a candle) or to give light to a place (the room was lit by lamps).[↗](../../lit/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Lit (adjective) means having light or burning.[↗](../../lit/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Lit up means shining brightly, or a face showing happiness.[↗](../../lit/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* In slang, «lit» means exciting or great (not for school writing).[↗](../../lit/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Dad lit the candles on the birthday cake.[↗](../../lit/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Never leave a lit candle alone.[↗](../../lit/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The room was lit by a single lamp.[↗](../../lit/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Walk home on well-lit streets.[↗](../../lit/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Her face lit up when she saw the puppy.[↗](../../lit/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We lit a campfire with the help of an adult.[↗](../../lit/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Christmas tree was lit up with coloured lights.[↗](../../lit/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · John drank, then lit his pipe and went out.[↗](../../lit/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Giles, A History of Chinese Lit- erature, New York, 1901, p. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../lit/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") **litany** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (church) A litany is a long prayer in which a leader says a line and the people answer with the same response each time, like «Lord, have mercy».[↗](../../litany/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A litany is a long list of things, often complaints or problems, that seems to go on and on.[↗](../../litany/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The priest led the litany and the people answered.[↗](../../litany/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · In the litany, everyone repeated «Hear our prayer».[↗](../../litany/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He gave a litany of excuses for being late.[↗](../../litany/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The report listed a litany of problems.[↗](../../litany/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My brother has a litany of complaints about broccoli.[↗](../../litany/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The old church still sings the litany on Sundays.[↗](../../litany/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **literacy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Literacy is the ability to read and write.[↗](../../literacy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Literacy is knowledge and skill in a certain area, such as computer literacy, money literacy or media literacy.[↗](../../literacy/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We have literacy every morning.[↗](../../literacy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Literacy helps people get good jobs.[↗](../../literacy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class learns media literacy to spot fake news.[↗](../../literacy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Financial literacy means understanding money.[↗](../../literacy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The charity improves literacy in poor areas.[↗](../../literacy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Digital literacy means using computers safely and well.[↗](../../literacy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **literal** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Taking words in their most basic, exact meaning, not as a joke or figure of speech.[↗](../../literal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Translated word for word.[↗](../../literal/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) Used for real, not exaggerated.[↗](../../literal/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The literal meaning of "break a leg" is to snap your leg, but it means good luck.[↗](../../literal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't be so literal — it was a joke\![↗](../../literal/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A literal translation can sound strange in English.[↗](../../literal/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She took my words literally and really jumped in the lake.[↗](../../literal/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In a literal sense, "breakfast" means breaking a fast.[↗](../../literal/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The literal truth is that we lost five to nil.[↗](../../literal/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The stories are not literal, or word by word translations, but have been altered in many ways to make them suitable for children.[↗](../../literal/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · tion of numbers and letters ; every letter suggesting a 'number, and every group of letters having a numerical signification, as vital as its literal meaning.[↗](../../literal/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../literal/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But on the most literal level, it means ‘wind’, as in the אַרְבָּע רוּחוֹת arbaʽ ruchot ‘four winds’ corresponding to the four cardinal directions, and is also conjured in the verb הֵרִיחַ heriach ‘to smell, breathe in (with the nostrils)’.[↗](../../literal/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literal/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Out of four letters 24 quadri- literal words are formed as: nJ3K, J13K, i3:iK, 2T,), i2iH, 3jnx, (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../literal/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") **literally** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Literally means exactly as the words say, not as a figure of speech.[↗](../../literally/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In everyday talk, people often say "literally" just to make something sound stronger, even when it is not really true.[↗](../../literally/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Literally can mean word for word, as in a translation that follows each word.[↗](../../literally/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sign literally said "Do not touch", so we didn't.[↗](../../literally/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" is not meant literally.[↗](../../literally/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My little brother took the joke literally.[↗](../../literally/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The word "breakfast" literally means breaking a fast.[↗](../../literally/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I literally ran all the way to school.[↗](../../literally/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The French phrase, translated literally, means "the cat's ears".[↗](../../literally/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · She was literally shaking with cold.[↗](../../literally/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'.[↗](../../literally/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literally/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · On the other hand, if בְּלִי מָה is to be read as two words, it represents the expression beli mah, literally 'without what'.[↗](../../literally/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literally/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The appearance of this root in the SY’s introductory paragraph serves as a reminder that although we embark upon a text rich in vivid, grounded symbolism—even anthropomorphism—we should not hasten to take such symbolic language overly literally.[↗](../../literally/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literally/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") **literary** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Literary means to do with literature: books, poems, plays and stories, and the people who write them.[↗](../../literary/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Literary language is the special, fancy kind used in books, not in everyday talk.[↗](../../literary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A simile is a literary device.[↗](../../literary/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She won a literary prize for her poems.[↗](../../literary/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our town has a literary festival every summer.[↗](../../literary/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «Steed» is a literary word for horse.[↗](../../literary/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Sherlock Holmes is a famous literary detective.[↗](../../literary/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He likes literary magazines.[↗](../../literary/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The close of Perrault's official career marked the beginning of his period of greatest literary activity.[↗](../../literary/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · This particular phraseology is one of several hints that the SY may share a particular literary affiliation with the Sifre Emet, the poems of Psalms, Proverbs, and Job.[↗](../../literary/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literary/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **literati** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* People who are well educated and know a lot about books and writing.[↗](../../literati/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") **literature** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Written works such as novels, poems and plays, especially ones thought to be good or important.[↗](../../literature/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The study of these works as a school or university subject.[↗](../../literature/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* All the writing about a particular subject, such as science papers.[↗](../../literature/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (informal) Printed information such as leaflets and booklets: free literature about the museum.[↗](../../literature/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We are reading poems in literature class.[↗](../../literature/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Shakespeare is a famous name in English literature.[↗](../../literature/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Children's literature includes picture books and novels.[↗](../../literature/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The museum gives out free literature at the door.[↗](../../literature/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My sister wants to study literature at university.[↗](../../literature/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The scientist read all the literature on frogs before her experiment.[↗](../../literature/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Fairy tales are some of the oldest literature in the world.[↗](../../literature/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Good literature makes you think and feel.[↗](../../literature/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · A similar view is reflected in the midrashicic and Kabbalistic literature, where Torah or Wisdom acts as a participant or instrument in the Work of Creation; see e.g. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../literature/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · There is no book in Jewish literature that is so difficult to understand as the Sefer Yetzirah.[↗](../../literature/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../literature/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · In kabbalistic literature, not only tiie vowel letter y. but all the letters are considered images of angels.[↗](../../literature/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../literature/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") **lithium** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Lithium is a very light, soft, silvery metal; it is a chemical element with the symbol Li.[↗](../../lithium/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Lithium is used in rechargeable batteries for phones, laptops and electric cars.[↗](../../lithium/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My tablet has a lithium-ion battery.[↗](../../lithium/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithium is the lightest of all metals.[↗](../../lithium/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Its chemical symbol is Li.[↗](../../lithium/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithium is so light it can float on oil.[↗](../../lithium/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Never poke or crush a lithium battery.[↗](../../lithium/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Electric cars need a lot of lithium.[↗](../../lithium/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithium fizzes when it touches water.[↗](../../lithium/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **lithosphere** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) The lithosphere is the hard, rocky outer layer of the Earth: the crust plus the very top part of the mantle, about 100 km thick, broken into tectonic plates.[↗](../../lithosphere/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The lithosphere includes the crust and the top of the mantle.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Earthquakes happen when parts of the lithosphere move.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The lithosphere floats on a softer layer called the asthenosphere.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Rocks, mountains and soil are part of the lithosphere.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The lithosphere is thinner under the oceans than under continents.[↗](../../lithosphere/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **lithuanian** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Lithuanian means from Lithuania, a country on the Baltic Sea in north-east Europe, or to do with its people.[↗](../../lithuanian/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Lithuanian is the language spoken in Lithuania.[↗](../../lithuanian/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A Lithuanian is a person from Lithuania.[↗](../../lithuanian/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My classmate is Lithuanian.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithuanian is spoken in Vilnius.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She speaks Lithuanian at home and English at school.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Lithuanian flag is yellow, green and red.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithuanians love basketball.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Lithuanian is one of the oldest-sounding languages in Europe.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We learnt to say «labas» — «hello» in Lithuanian.[↗](../../lithuanian/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · THE THREE PRINCES AND THEIR BEASTS (LITHUANIAN FAIRY TALE)[↗](../../lithuanian/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **litmus** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) Litmus is a dye made from lichens that turns red in acid and blue in alkali, used to test liquids.[↗](../../litmus/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A litmus test is a test with litmus paper; (figurative) it is also a simple test that clearly shows what someone thinks or what something is really like.[↗](../../litmus/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Lemon juice turned the blue litmus paper red.[↗](../../litmus/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Soap turned the red litmus paper blue.[↗](../../litmus/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Use litmus to find out if the liquid is an acid.[↗](../../litmus/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Water does not change the colour of litmus.[↗](../../litmus/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The vote was a litmus test for the new leader.[↗](../../litmus/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · How people treat waiters is a litmus test of their kindness.[↗](../../litmus/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **litotes** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Litotes is a kind of understatement where you say something by saying that its opposite is not true, like «not bad» meaning «good» or «not a small problem» meaning «a big problem».[↗](../../litotes/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It is a figure of speech, a way of using words for a special effect.[↗](../../litotes/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* «Not bad at all,» said Dad, which is litotes for «very good».[↗](../../litotes/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «He's no fool» is an example of litotes.[↗](../../litotes/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Saying a hurricane is «not exactly a light breeze» uses litotes.[↗](../../litotes/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We found three examples of litotes in the poem.[↗](../../litotes/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · «I wasn't unhappy with my mark» means I was pleased.[↗](../../litotes/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Old English poets loved litotes, like «that was no small gift».[↗](../../litotes/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/) 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