---
title: M — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 51
description: The 1043 words of the English dictionary under M, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# M — The English dictionary · page 51

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**mum** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Mum is the British, Irish, Australian and New Zealand word for mother.[↗](../../mum/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «Keep mum» means keep quiet and say nothing.[↗](../../mum/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (casual) Children shout «Mum!» or «Mu-um!» to call or complain; «mummy» is for small children, «mam» in Ireland, Wales and northern England.[↗](../../mum/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (UK slang) «Your mum» is a playground put-down or joke; it is rude and not about anybody's real mother.[↗](../../mum/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (formal) «Mother», «parent» or «guardian» is used in official writing: «a parent or guardian must sign».[↗](../../mum/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* A mum is also a short name for a chrysanthemum flower (US).[↗](../../mum/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum bought 6 apples.[↗](../../mum/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Her mum gave her 2 pounds.[↗](../../mum/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum baked 3 trays of 12 buns.[↗](../../mum/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Tom helps his mum carry 4 bags.[↗](../../mum/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum, can I go to Lily's house?[↗](../../mum/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My mum and dad came to the school play.[↗](../../mum/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep mum about the surprise party\![↗](../../mum/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Ask your mum if you can stay for tea.[↗](../../mum/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · muuum where's my other shoe (casual)[↗](../../mum/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · me mum'll kill me if I'm late again, it's 5 to 6 (casual, UK)[↗](../../mum/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum's the word, nobody tell him about the cake.[↗](../../mum/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The pupil's mother purchased 6 apples and subsequently 4 more; determine the aggregate quantity purchased.[↗](../../mum/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (formal exam)[↗](../../mum/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · “Good morning, mum,” says Jack, as bold as brass, “could you be so good as to give me something to eat?”[↗](../../mum/#x13 "tree and pragmatics")

**mumble** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To speak quietly and not clearly, so that people find it hard to understand you.[↗](../../mumble/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (noun) Quiet, unclear speech.[↗](../../mumble/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Don't mumble; speak clearly so we can hear you.[↗](../../mumble/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He mumbled «sorry» and looked at the floor.[↗](../../mumble/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She mumbled something in her sleep.[↗](../../mumble/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I couldn't understand his mumble.[↗](../../mumble/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The shy boy mumbled his name.[↗](../../mumble/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Stop mumbling and say it again loudly.[↗](../../mumble/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandpa mumbled into his beard.[↗](../../mumble/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · “What are you mumbling to yourself?” asked the Fairy.[↗](../../mumble/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**mummery** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Mummery is a silly, pointless ritual or show, with too much pretence and fuss.[↗](../../mummery/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* "What is all this mummery?" asked the Councillor.[↗](../../mummery/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The old ritual was just mummery to him.[↗](../../mummery/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Stop the mummery and tell me the truth.[↗](../../mummery/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**mummification** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The process of preserving a dead body so that it does not rot, as the ancient Egyptians did.[↗](../../mummification/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The natural drying and preserving of a body in very dry, cold or boggy places.[↗](../../mummification/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mummification in ancient Egypt could take about seventy days.[↗](../../mummification/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Egyptians used natron salt in mummification.[↗](../../mummification/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We learned about mummification in our history topic.[↗](../../mummification/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Even cats and crocodiles were preserved by mummification.[↗](../../mummification/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Ötzi the Iceman shows natural mummification in ice.[↗](../../mummification/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Bog bodies found in Ireland and Denmark were preserved by natural mummification.[↗](../../mummification/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Ancient Egyptians believed mummification helped the dead in the afterlife.[↗](../../mummification/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**mummy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, informal) A child's word for mother; in the USA it is «mommy».[↗](../../mummy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A dead body kept from rotting long ago, often wrapped in cloth, as in ancient Egypt.[↗](../../mummy/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (stories) A scary monster in films, a wrapped body that walks.[↗](../../mummy/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mummy, can I have a biscuit?[↗](../../mummy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My baby sister cries for her mummy.[↗](../../mummy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw an Egyptian mummy at the museum.[↗](../../mummy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The mummy was wrapped in long strips of linen.[↗](../../mummy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists used X-rays to look inside the mummy.[↗](../../mummy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He dressed up as a mummy with toilet paper for Halloween.[↗](../../mummy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Mummies were buried with food and treasures.[↗](../../mummy/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · “Not quite empty, mummy,” Slightly said, after looking into an imaginary mug.[↗](../../mummy/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**mumps** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Mumps is an infectious illness caused by a virus that makes the glands under the ears swell, so the cheeks and jaw puff up and hurt.[↗](../../mumps/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* My dad had mumps when he was a boy.[↗](../../mumps/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Mumps makes your cheeks swell like a hamster's.[↗](../../mumps/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella.[↗](../../mumps/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She caught mumps and missed two weeks of school.[↗](../../mumps/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mumps spreads through coughs and sneezes.[↗](../../mumps/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Mumps is rare now because of vaccines.[↗](../../mumps/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**munch** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To munch is to chew food steadily and noisily, often with enjoyment: munch an apple, munch on crisps.[↗](../../munch/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (slang) «The munchies» means feeling very hungry for snacks: «I've got the munchies.».[↗](../../munch/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) A munch is a snack or a meal: «Let's grab some munch.».[↗](../../munch/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (a name) Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter, famous for the painting «The Scream».[↗](../../munch/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The caterpillar munched through five oranges.[↗](../../munch/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We munched popcorn during the film.[↗](../../munch/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The horse munched happily on the hay.[↗](../../munch/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · (informal) She munched away on a carrot while she read.[↗](../../munch/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · (slang) I always get the munchies after swimming.[↗](../../munch/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The rabbit munched the lettuce in seconds.[↗](../../munch/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Stop munching so loudly\![↗](../../munch/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · In art we painted our own version of Munch's «The Scream».[↗](../../munch/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The youth departed, weeping, and met the little hare, who was munching wild thyme.[↗](../../munch/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**municipal** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Belonging to or run by a town or city council (a municipal swimming pool, municipal park).[↗](../../municipal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We swim at the municipal pool on Saturdays.[↗](../../municipal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The municipal library is free for everyone.[↗](../../municipal/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The municipal council fixes the streets.[↗](../../municipal/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The municipal park has a new playground.[↗](../../municipal/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Municipal workers collect the rubbish every week.[↗](../../municipal/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The town holds municipal elections to choose the council.[↗](../../municipal/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**municipality** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (formal) A municipality is a town or city (or district) that has its own local government.[↗](../../municipality/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The local government of a town or city: the council.[↗](../../municipality/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The municipality repaired the playground.[↗](../../municipality/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Each municipality collects its own rubbish.[↗](../../municipality/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our town became a municipality long ago.[↗](../../municipality/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The municipality decided to plant more trees.[↗](../../municipality/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · There are many small municipalities in the region.[↗](../../municipality/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The library is run by the municipality.[↗](../../municipality/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**munition** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A place of defence, or military supplies; here a stronghold.[↗](../../munition/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He shall dwell on high; his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks; his bread shall be given, his waters shall be sure.[↗](../../munition/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.33.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../munition/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**muntjac** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A small deer from Asia, also called a barking deer because it makes a loud bark; it has now spread wild in parts of England.[↗](../../muntjac/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A muntjac ran across the road in front of our car.[↗](../../muntjac/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Muntjac are small deer about the size of a dog.[↗](../../muntjac/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The muntjac barked in the woods at night.[↗](../../muntjac/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Muntjac first came to England from China.[↗](../../muntjac/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Muntjac eat bluebells and young trees.[↗](../../muntjac/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Male muntjac have short antlers and little tusks.[↗](../../muntjac/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**mural** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A mural is a large picture painted directly onto a wall or ceiling.[↗](../../mural/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Our class painted a mural of the ocean in the hall.[↗](../../mural/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The mural on the bridge shows the town's history.[↗](../../mural/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Artists painted a huge mural of footballers on the side of the building.[↗](../../mural/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The church had old murals of Bible stories.[↗](../../mural/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We planned the mural on paper first.[↗](../../mural/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The mural covered the whole wall.[↗](../../mural/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**murder** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The crime of killing a person on purpose.[↗](../../murder/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Verb: to kill a person on purpose, against the law.[↗](../../murder/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) Something very hard or unpleasant.[↗](../../murder/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* The traffic was murder today.[↗](../../murder/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (informal) To do something very badly.[↗](../../murder/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* She murdered that song.[↗](../../murder/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (informal, «could murder») To want something very much.[↗](../../murder/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* I could murder a cup of tea.[↗](../../murder/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The detective solved the murder in the last chapter.[↗](../../murder/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Murder is one of the worst crimes.[↗](../../murder/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Climbing that hill on a bike is murder\![↗](../../murder/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I could murder a sandwich right now.[↗](../../murder/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He murdered the high notes in the song.[↗](../../murder/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My little sister gets away with murder.[↗](../../murder/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A group of crows is called a murder.[↗](../../murder/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He was accused of nothing less than murder.[↗](../../murder/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless.[↗](../../murder/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.94.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murder/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and offer unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye have not known, (Prophets JER.7.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murder/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And as troops of robbers wait for a man, so doth the company of priests; they murder in the way toward Shechem; yea, they commit enormity.[↗](../../murder/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets HOS.6.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murder/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**murdered** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Murdered means killed someone on purpose; it is a very serious crime.[↗](../../murdered/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) Murdered can mean did something very badly, as in «she murdered that song».[↗](../../murdered/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (slang) «I could murder a cup of tea» means I want one very much; «murdered» in sport slang can mean beaten very badly.[↗](../../murdered/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* In the story, the old king was murdered by his brother.[↗](../../murdered/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The detective found out who murdered the butler.[↗](../../murdered/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The murdered man's dog led police to the house.[↗](../../murdered/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Dad murdered that song at karaoke\![↗](../../murdered/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (informal)[↗](../../murdered/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We got murdered 8–0 on Saturday.[↗](../../murdered/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (slang)[↗](../../murdered/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Macbeth murdered King Duncan in Shakespeare's play.[↗](../../murdered/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · I could murder a sandwich.[↗](../../murdered/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (informal)[↗](../../murdered/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Was not the knight Sir Bugge murdered by wicked people?[↗](../../murdered/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was murdered, answered and said: 'I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.[↗](../../murdered/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JDG.20.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murdered/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**murderer** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A person who kills another person on purpose, against the law.[↗](../../murderer/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The detective finally worked out who the murderer was.[↗](../../murderer/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The murderer was sent to prison for life.[↗](../../murderer/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In the mystery book, the murderer was the gardener.[↗](../../murderer/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Police are still searching for the murderer.[↗](../../murderer/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Macbeth becomes a murderer because he wants to be king.[↗](../../murderer/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Calling someone a murderer without proof is very serious.[↗](../../murderer/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Killing in an accident does not make you a murderer.[↗](../../murderer/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Who is there to tell that I am the murderer?[↗](../../murderer/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meeteth him, he shall put him to death.[↗](../../murderer/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.35.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.[↗](../../murderer/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.35.31, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · But if he smote him with an instrument of iron, so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.[↗](../../murderer/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.35.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · She that was full of justice, righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.[↗](../../murderer/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.1.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said: 'Is it peace, thou Zimri, thy master's murderer?'[↗](../../murderer/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2KI.9.31, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · The murderer riseth with the light, to kill the poor and needy; and in the night he is as a thief.[↗](../../murderer/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.24.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murderer/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**murderess** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A murderess is a woman who has killed another person on purpose.[↗](../../murderess/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old use) In old stories, the word means a female murderer.[↗](../../murderess/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He searched everywhere for the murderess.[↗](../../murderess/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Nobody could find the murderess.[↗](../../murderess/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The King was told the Queen was a murderess.[↗](../../murderess/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**murderous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Murderous means wanting to kill, or meant to kill: a murderous look.[↗](../../murderous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Murderous can mean very dangerous or cruel, as in «murderous attacks».[↗](../../murderous/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He seized the old man because of his murderous plans.[↗](../../murderous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The dogs protected us from the murderous attacks.[↗](../../murderous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A murderous robber hid in the forest.[↗](../../murderous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**murky** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Dark and dirty so you cannot see through it, about water: murky water.[↗](../../murky/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Dark, gloomy or foggy, about air or light.[↗](../../murky/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Not clear and hard to understand: the rules are murky.[↗](../../murky/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Dishonest or secret in a suspicious way: a murky past.[↗](../../murky/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Don't swim in murky water; you can't see what's under it.[↗](../../murky/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The pond was murky and green.[↗](../../murky/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A murky fog hung over the town.[↗](../../murky/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Something moved in the murky depths of the lake.[↗](../../murky/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The rules about phones in school are a bit murky.[↗](../../murky/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The villain had a murky past.[↗](../../murky/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · It was a murky, grey afternoon.[↗](../../murky/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**murmur** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A soft, low sound of voices, or of water, wind or bees, that goes on and on.[↗](../../murmur/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb) To say something very quietly.[↗](../../murmur/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A quiet complaint: «They paid without a murmur.».[↗](../../murmur/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (medicine) A heart murmur is an extra sound a doctor hears in the heartbeat; many are harmless.[↗](../../murmur/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A murmur of excitement ran through the audience.[↗](../../murmur/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Goodnight,» she murmured sleepily.[↗](../../murmur/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We heard the murmur of the stream.[↗](../../murmur/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · He did his chores without a murmur.[↗](../../murmur/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor heard a small heart murmur, but said it was nothing to worry about.[↗](../../murmur/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The murmur of bees filled the garden.[↗](../../murmur/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · “Tell on, my love,” Finnian murmured[↗](../../murmur/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · And the people murmured against Moses, saying: 'What shall we drink?'[↗](../../murmur/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.15.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness; (Torah EXO.16.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Therefore thou and all thy company that are gathered together against the LORD — ; and as to Aaron, what is he that ye murmur against him?'[↗](../../murmur/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.16.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And all the congregation murmured against the princes.[↗](../../murmur/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.9.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And they murmured in their tents, they hearkened not unto the voice of the LORD.[↗](../../murmur/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.106.25, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · They also that err in spirit shall come to understanding, and they that murmur shall learn instruction.[↗](../../murmur/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.29.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../murmur/#x13 "tree and pragmatics")

**murmuration** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A huge flock of starlings flying together and swirling in changing shapes in the sky, usually at dusk.[↗](../../murmuration/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (literary) A soft, low murmuring sound.[↗](../../murmuration/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We watched a murmuration of starlings over the pier.[↗](../../murmuration/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The murmuration swirled like a black cloud.[↗](../../murmuration/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Thousands of starlings make a murmuration before they roost.[↗](../../murmuration/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Each bird watches its neighbours in a murmuration.[↗](../../murmuration/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A falcon dived into the murmuration but missed.[↗](../../murmuration/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

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