---
title: R — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 7
description: The 1025 words of the English dictionary under R, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# R — The English dictionary · page 7

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**rat** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A rodent like a large mouse, with a long thin tail, sharp teeth and grey or brown fur.[↗](../../rat/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) A nasty, mean or disloyal person.[↗](../../rat/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Rat on someone (informal): tell on someone.[↗](../../rat/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Rats!: a mild word said when something goes wrong.[↗](../../rat/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A rat ran across the alley.[↗](../../rat/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My friend has two pet rats called Salt and Pepper.[↗](../../rat/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep the bin lid closed so rats can't get in.[↗](../../rat/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't touch wild rats — they can carry disease.[↗](../../rat/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Rats can learn their way through a maze.[↗](../../rat/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I came home from the rain looking like a drowned rat.[↗](../../rat/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · «Rats\![↗](../../rat/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") I forgot my homework.»[↗](../../rat/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The story's detective smelled a rat.[↗](../../rat/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**ratatouille** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A French vegetable stew made by slowly cooking tomatoes, courgettes (zucchini), aubergines (eggplants), peppers, onions and garlic in olive oil.[↗](../../ratatouille/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (a name) "Ratatouille" is also a 2007 Pixar film about a rat called Remy who wants to be a chef in Paris.[↗](../../ratatouille/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We made ratatouille in cooking class with courgettes and tomatoes.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ratatouille comes from the south of France.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum serves ratatouille with rice and grilled chicken.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In the film Ratatouille, a rat cooks in a Paris restaurant.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The ratatouille smelt of garlic and herbs.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Ratatouille is a great way to eat lots of vegetables.[↗](../../ratatouille/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**rate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A rate tells how much of one thing goes with one unit of another, like miles in each hour or dollars for each hour of work.[↗](../../rate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A rate is how fast something happens: the rate of growth, a heart rate.[↗](../../rate/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A rate is a price or charge: the hourly rate, the rate for a room.[↗](../../rate/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To rate is to judge how good something is: «I rate it 4 stars».[↗](../../rate/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* «At any rate» means anyway.[↗](../../rate/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He works at a rate of $12 per hour.[↗](../../rate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The tap fills at a rate of 5 liters a minute.[↗](../../rate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · At this rate, how far will she go in 4 hours?[↗](../../rate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She types at a rate of 40 words a minute.[↗](../../rate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Your heart rate goes up when you run.[↗](../../rate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The plant grew at a rate of 1 cm a week.[↗](../../rate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · I rate this book five stars.[↗](../../rate/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Babysitters charge an hourly rate.[↗](../../rate/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · At any rate, we tried our best.[↗](../../rate/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · "I've got him now, at any rate," thought he.[↗](../../rate/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year.[↗](../../rate/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 2CH.9.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rate/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, and armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year.[↗](../../rate/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 1KI.10.25, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rate/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**rather** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Rather means quite or a little, like «rather cold».[↗](../../rather/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* «Would rather» means would prefer: «I'd rather walk».[↗](../../rather/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* «Rather than» means instead of.[↗](../../rather/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* «Or rather» is used to correct yourself and say something more exactly.[↗](../../rather/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It's rather cold today, so take a coat.[↗](../../rather/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · I'd rather have pizza than pasta.[↗](../../rather/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Would you rather swim or cycle?[↗](../../rather/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She chose to walk rather than take the bus.[↗](../../rather/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I'd rather not talk about it.[↗](../../rather/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He was rather tired after the match.[↗](../../rather/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The test was rather easy.[↗](../../rather/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · We left at six, or rather a bit after six.[↗](../../rather/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · ‘Happy!’ cried he; ‘say rather unhappy.[↗](../../rather/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · SY 2:1, 3:1, so it is interesting that in this verse the tongue is rather portrayed as one of two binary poles.[↗](../../rather/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../rather/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · However, this is grammatically peculiar, as immot is usually only the construct plural of אֵם em 'mother', whose absolute plural is rather אִמָּהוֹת immahot.[↗](../../rather/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../rather/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The meaning for the SY is: God did not make things by themselves, individually, but rather, He made all things in relationship to all other things.[↗](../../rather/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../rather/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Thou lovest evil more than good; falsehood rather than speaking righteousness.[↗](../../rather/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.52.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rather/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Receive my instruction, and not silver, and knowledge rather than choice gold.[↗](../../rather/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.8.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rather/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than these my bones.[↗](../../rather/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.7.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rather/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**ratified** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (law, formal) To ratify a treaty, agreement or law is to make it official by voting or signing to approve it.[↗](../../ratified/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Ratified describes something that has been approved in this way.[↗](../../ratified/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The treaty was ratified by both countries.[↗](../../ratified/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Almost every country has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.[↗](../../ratified/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The school council ratified the new rules.[↗](../../ratified/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The changes must be ratified before they count.[↗](../../ratified/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Parliament ratified the agreement.[↗](../../ratified/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Once ratified, the treaty became law.[↗](../../ratified/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**rating** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A score or grade that shows how good, popular or safe something is.[↗](../../rating/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "a five-star rating".[↗](../../rating/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A label that says which ages a film, game or show is suitable for.[↗](../../rating/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Ratings are numbers showing how many people watch a TV programme.[↗](../../rating/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A rating is an ordinary sailor in the navy, below the rank of officer.[↗](../../rating/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* This game has an age rating of 12.[↗](../../rating/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The hotel has a four-star rating.[↗](../../rating/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Check the rating before you watch a film.[↗](../../rating/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class gave the book a rating of 9 out of 10.[↗](../../rating/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The new show got very high ratings.[↗](../../rating/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The fridge has an energy rating of A.[↗](../../rating/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We worked out the average rating from the survey.[↗](../../rating/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Weak as she was, he carried her to the ship, where he got a rating for it from the captain.[↗](../../rating/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**ratio** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A ratio compares two amounts by how many times one fits into the other.[↗](../../ratio/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") If there are 2 cats for every 3 dogs, the ratio is 2 to 3.[↗](../../ratio/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A ratio can compare more than two amounts, like 1:2:3.[↗](../../ratio/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Ratio can also mean reason or sense, the ability to understand something clearly.[↗](../../ratio/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The ratio of boys to girls is 3 to 4.[↗](../../ratio/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · There are 12 boys, so there are 16 girls.[↗](../../ratio/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mix paint in the ratio 2:1.[↗](../../ratio/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Share 30 sweets in the ratio 1:2.[↗](../../ratio/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · For every 2 cups of flour, add 1 cup of milk.[↗](../../ratio/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The model car is made at a ratio of 1:20.[↗](../../ratio/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The ratio of wheels to bikes is 2:1.[↗](../../ratio/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Mix squash and water in the ratio 1 to 4.[↗](../../ratio/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · But Fionn would see and know, or he would under-stand a decent ratio of his visions.[↗](../../ratio/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**rational** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Able to think clearly and sensibly, using reason rather than feelings.[↗](../../rational/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sensible, fair and based on good thinking.[↗](../../rational/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Humans are rational creatures; animals are not.[↗](../../rational/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A rational choice is one you have thought about carefully.[↗](../../rational/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Be rational: the bus is late, so we will walk.[↗](../../rational/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Author of the "Guide for Rational Inquiries into the Biblical Scriptures," "Toms des Morgenlandes," Translator of "Nathan the Wise" from the German, etc., etc., etc. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../rational/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

**rationality** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* The quality of being able to think clearly, using reason.[↗](../../rationality/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Man is a microcosm, as the neck separates rationality from vitality, so does diaphragm the vitality from the vegetativeness.[↗](../../rationality/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../rationality/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**rationed** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Past of «ration»: limited the amount of something each person could have, because there was not enough.[↗](../../rationed/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* adjective Given out in fixed, limited amounts: «rationed food».[↗](../../rationed/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Used carefully in small amounts to make it last: «I rationed my sweets.».[↗](../../rationed/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* During the war, sugar and butter were rationed.[↗](../../rationed/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We rationed our water on the long hike.[↗](../../rationed/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum rationed the chocolate so it lasted all week.[↗](../../rationed/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Screen time is rationed in our house.[↗](../../rationed/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The sailors rationed the food until help came.[↗](../../rationed/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Petrol was rationed when supplies ran low.[↗](../../rationed/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**rationing** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (history) Rationing is a system in which the government limits how much food, fuel or clothes each person may have, because there is not enough for everyone, as in Britain during and after the Second World War.[↗](../../rationing/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Rationing is any sharing out of something in small fixed amounts so it lasts, for example water on a boat or sweets in a holiday.[↗](../../rationing/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* During the war, rationing meant each person got only a small amount of butter a week.[↗](../../rationing/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sweet rationing ended in Britain in 1953.[↗](../../rationing/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The sailors began rationing their water when the wind dropped.[↗](../../rationing/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We're rationing the chocolate so it lasts all holiday.[↗](../../rationing/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Gran still remembers her ration book.[↗](../../rationing/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the drought there was water rationing, so no hosepipes.[↗](../../rationing/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · If 30 sweets are rationed over 10 days, each day gets 3.[↗](../../rationing/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**rattle** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To rattle means to make a lot of short, knocking sounds by shaking, or to shake something so it does this.[↗](../../rattle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A rattle is a baby's toy that makes a noise when shaken.[↗](../../rattle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A rattle is also the sound itself, or the end of a rattlesnake's tail.[↗](../../rattle/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To rattle someone means to make them nervous.[↗](../../rattle/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To rattle off means to say a list quickly.[↗](../../rattle/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The windows rattled in the storm.[↗](../../rattle/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The baby shook her rattle.[↗](../../rattle/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Something is rattling in the box.[↗](../../rattle/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A rattlesnake shakes its tail to warn you.[↗](../../rattle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't let the other team rattle you.[↗](../../rattle/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She rattled off her times tables.[↗](../../rattle/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The old car rattled down the road.[↗](../../rattle/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The stage coach went rattling past.[↗](../../rattle/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Clubs are accounted as stubble; he laugheth at the rattling of the javelin.[↗](../../rattle/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.41.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rattle/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Hark! the whip, and hark! the rattling of the wheels; and prancing horses, and bounding chariots; (Prophets NAM.3.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rattle/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**rattler** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (informal, US) A rattlesnake: a poisonous snake in the Americas that shakes the rattle on its tail to warn you.[↗](../../rattler/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Something that rattles, like a baby's rattle or a noisy old car or train.[↗](../../rattler/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (old, Australia/UK slang) A train, especially an old rattling one.[↗](../../rattler/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (informal, old) An excellent or very lively thing: «a rattler of a story».[↗](../../rattler/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The hiker froze when she heard the rattler's buzz.[↗](../../rattler/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Rattlers live in deserts and dry hills in the USA.[↗](../../rattler/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · If you hear a rattler, back away slowly.[↗](../../rattler/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The old bus was a real rattler on the bumpy road.[↗](../../rattler/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandpa called the steam train «the old rattler».[↗](../../rattler/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A rattler shakes its tail to say «Keep away!»[↗](../../rattler/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**rattlesnake** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A poisonous (venomous) snake of North and South America that has a rattle at the end of its tail made of hard rings, which it shakes to make a buzzing warning noise.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The rattlesnake shook its tail to warn us.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · If you hear a rattlesnake, back away slowly.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Rattlesnakes live in deserts and grasslands in America.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Watch where you step on desert trails — rattlesnakes hide under rocks.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A rattlesnake bite needs a doctor straight away.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The rattle is made of hard rings, like your fingernails.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Baby rattlesnakes are venomous too.[↗](../../rattlesnake/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**ratty** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (UK, Australia, NZ, informal) Bad-tempered and easily annoyed; grumpy.[↗](../../ratty/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (US, informal) Shabby, old and torn, like a ratty old jumper.[↗](../../ratty/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Like a rat, or full of rats.[↗](../../ratty/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (a name) Ratty is the friendly nickname of the Water Rat in The Wind in the Willows, Mole's best friend, who loves «messing about in boats».[↗](../../ratty/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ratty took Mole for his first boat ride on the river.[↗](../../ratty/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · I'm always ratty when I'm tired.[↗](../../ratty/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He wore a ratty old T-shirt to paint the fence.[↗](../../ratty/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «Believe me, my young friend,» said Ratty, «there is nothing half so much worth doing as messing about in boats.»[↗](../../ratty/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't get ratty with your little brother.[↗](../../ratty/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Ratty and Mole went to the Wild Wood to find Badger.[↗](../../ratty/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The dog chewed his toy until it was ratty.[↗](../../ratty/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**ravage** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To damage or destroy something badly: «The storm ravaged the coast.».[↗](../../ravage/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (the ravages of) The very bad effects of something over time: «the ravages of war», «the ravages of time».[↗](../../ravage/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Bushfires ravaged huge areas of Australia.[↗](../../ravage/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The town was ravaged by war.[↗](../../ravage/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Locusts ravaged the farmers' crops.[↗](../../ravage/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The old castle shows the ravages of time.[↗](../../ravage/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A terrible disease ravaged Europe in the 1300s.[↗](../../ravage/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The hurricane ravaged the islands.[↗](../../ravage/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Passing through the woody district of Crommyon Theseus next slew a wild and dangerous sow which had long ravaged the country.[↗](../../ravage/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The boar out of the wood doth ravage it, that which moveth in the field feedeth on it.[↗](../../ravage/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.80.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../ravage/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**rave** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To talk with great excitement and praise about something you like: «She raved about the film.».[↗](../../rave/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To talk wildly or angrily, as if not thinking clearly: «He was raving about aliens.».[↗](../../rave/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (noun) A big party with loud electronic dance music, often all night, mainly for adults.[↗](../../rave/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (adjective) Full of praise: «The show got rave reviews.».[↗](../../rave/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* (UK slang, old) «Raving mad» means completely crazy; «a raver» is someone who goes to raves or loves partying.[↗](../../rave/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Everyone is raving about the new burger place.[↗](../../rave/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The play got rave reviews in the papers.[↗](../../rave/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He was raving about how unfair the referee was.[↗](../../rave/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · My older cousin went to a rave and danced till morning.[↗](../../rave/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum raved about the view from the top of the hill.[↗](../../rave/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The storm made the sea rave against the rocks.[↗](../../rave/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · «Stark raving mad» is an old way of saying completely crazy.[↗](../../rave/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · I thought you had something really interesting to tell me instead of raving about some unknown damsel.[↗](../../rave/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Who crieth: 'Woe'? who: 'Alas'? who hath contentions? who hath raving? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?[↗](../../rave/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.23.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rave/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · His watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; raving, lying down, loving to slumber.[↗](../../rave/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.56.10, JPS 1917)[↗](../../rave/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

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