---
title: S — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 107
description: The 2316 words of the English dictionary under S, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# S — The English dictionary · page 107

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**studying** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons.[↗](../../studying/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Looking at something carefully to understand it.[↗](../../studying/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "He was studying the map."[↗](../../studying/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I am studying for my spelling test.[↗](../../studying/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My sister is studying medicine at university.[↗](../../studying/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She was studying the map to find the way.[↗](../../studying/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists are studying how bees talk to each other.[↗](../../studying/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Studying a little every day works better than all at once.[↗](../../studying/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We are studying the Vikings this term.[↗](../../studying/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · There was once a young man who was studying to be a poet.[↗](../../studying/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . .[↗](../../studying/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../studying/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**stuff** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Things in general, when you do not need to name them.[↗](../../stuff/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "Put your stuff in your bag."[↗](../../stuff/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A material or substance.[↗](../../stuff/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "What is this sticky stuff?"[↗](../../stuff/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To fill something tightly.[↗](../../stuff/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "stuff a pillow", "stuff a turkey".[↗](../../stuff/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To push something quickly into a small space.[↗](../../stuff/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "He stuffed the letter into his pocket."[↗](../../stuff/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* Informally, "I'm stuffed" means I have eaten too much.[↗](../../stuff/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Put your stuff away before lunch.[↗](../../stuff/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · What is this green stuff on the bread?[↗](../../stuff/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She stuffed her clothes into the suitcase.[↗](../../stuff/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We stuffed the turkey for Christmas dinner.[↗](../../stuff/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I'm stuffed, I couldn't eat another bite.[↗](../../stuff/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My teddy is a stuffed toy.[↗](../../stuff/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Our science teacher really knows her stuff.[↗](../../stuff/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · "Cucumbers stuffed with pearls!" exclaimed the princess.[↗](../../stuff/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff, wool and linen together.[↗](../../stuff/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.22.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Whereas thou hast felt about all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff?[↗](../../stuff/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.31.37, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Also regard not your stuff; for the good things of all the land of Egypt are yours.'[↗](../../stuff/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.45.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And it grieved me sore; therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.[↗](../../stuff/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings NEH.13.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · She shall be led unto the king on richly woven stuff; the virgins her companions in her train being brought unto thee.[↗](../../stuff/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.45.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · And thou shalt bring forth thy stuff by day in their sight, as stuff for exile; and thou shalt go forth thyself at even in their sight, as when men go forth into exile.[↗](../../stuff/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.12.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stuff/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**stuffy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A stuffy room has warm, stale air with not enough fresh air.[↗](../../stuffy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A stuffy nose is blocked, so it is hard to breathe through it, often because of a cold.[↗](../../stuffy/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A stuffy person is old-fashioned, formal and boring, and does not like fun or change.[↗](../../stuffy/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Open the window — it's stuffy in here.[↗](../../stuffy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · I have a cold and a stuffy nose.[↗](../../stuffy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The bus was hot and stuffy.[↗](../../stuffy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The stuffy air made everyone yawn.[↗](../../stuffy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · My grandad says the club is too stuffy.[↗](../../stuffy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Steam can help a stuffy nose.[↗](../../stuffy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The attic was dark and stuffy.[↗](../../stuffy/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stumble** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To stumble is to trip and almost fall when walking or running.[↗](../../stumble/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To stumble is to make mistakes or stop when speaking or reading aloud.[↗](../../stumble/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To stumble on or across something is to find it by chance.[↗](../../stumble/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I stumbled on the stairs but didn't fall.[↗](../../stumble/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He stumbled over a tree root in the dark.[↗](../../stumble/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She stumbled over the long word when reading aloud.[↗](../../stumble/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We stumbled upon a hidden path in the woods.[↗](../../stumble/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The tired hiker stumbled into camp.[↗](../../stumble/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Pick up your toys so nobody stumbles.[↗](../../stumble/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The horse stumbled but kept running.[↗](../../stumble/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Soon he stumbled upon thickly strewn dry willow sticks.[↗](../../stumble/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumbling-block before the blind, but thou shalt fear thy God: I am the LORD.[↗](../../stumble/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.19.14, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stumble/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And they shall stumble one upon another, as it were before the sword, when none pursueth; and ye shall have no power to stand before your enemies.[↗](../../stumble/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.26.37, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stumble/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · When mine enemies are turned back, they stumble and perish at Thy presence; (Writings PSA.9.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stumble/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · That led them through the deep, as a horse in the wilderness, without stumbling?[↗](../../stumble/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.63.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stumble/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Great peace have they that love Thy law; and there is no stumbling for them.[↗](../../stumble/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.119.165, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stumble/#x13 "tree and pragmatics")

**stumblest** — *Early Modern English, meaning 1:* «stumblest» means «you stumble», a form of «stumble».[↗](../../stumblest/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* To stumble is to trip and almost fall when walking or running.[↗](../../stumblest/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* "Why stumblest thou? scentest thou any ill?"[↗](../../stumblest/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore) · "Why stumblest thou, sorry jade? scentest thou some ill?"[↗](../../stumblest/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore)

**stump** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.[↗](../../stump/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.[↗](../../stump/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.[↗](../../stump/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.[↗](../../stump/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.[↗](../../stump/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.[↗](../../stump/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.[↗](../../stump/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.[↗](../../stump/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · That riddle stumped everyone in the class.[↗](../../stump/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I'm stumped — I have no idea\![↗](../../stump/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.[↗](../../stump/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · My pencil is just a stump now.[↗](../../stump/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He came to the charred stumps.[↗](../../stump/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.[↗](../../stump/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings DAN.4.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stump/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**stumpy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stumpy means short and thick, like a tree stump.[↗](../../stumpy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A stumpy tail or leg is short and thick.[↗](../../stumpy/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The puppy had stumpy little legs.[↗](../../stumpy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Corgis are dogs with stumpy legs and long bodies.[↗](../../stumpy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I wrote with a stumpy pencil because I lost my good one.[↗](../../stumpy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The lizard has a fat, stumpy tail.[↗](../../stumpy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A stumpy candle burned on the table.[↗](../../stumpy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The old tree was cut down to a stumpy trunk.[↗](../../stumpy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The stumpy-tailed cat ran across the garden.[↗](../../stumpy/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stun** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To hit or shock a person or animal so they are dizzy or knocked out for a short time.[↗](../../stun/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To surprise or shock someone so much that they cannot think or speak for a moment.[↗](../../stun/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Stunning (adjective) means extremely beautiful or impressive.[↗](../../stun/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The bird hit the window and was stunned for a minute.[↗](../../stun/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Electric eels can stun fish with a shock.[↗](../../stun/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We were stunned when our team won the cup.[↗](../../stun/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · There was a stunned silence after the news.[↗](../../stun/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The view from the mountain was stunning.[↗](../../stun/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The news of the fire stunned the whole town.[↗](../../stun/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**stung** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Hurt by an insect, plant or animal that pushes a sharp point or poison into the skin: stung by a bee, a wasp, a nettle or a jellyfish.[↗](../../stung/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Felt a sharp, burning pain: the soap stung my eyes.[↗](../../stung/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Upset or hurt in your feelings by unkind words: stung by her comment.[↗](../../stung/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I was stung by a wasp at the picnic.[↗](../../stung/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The bee stung her on the arm.[↗](../../stung/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My legs were stung by nettles.[↗](../../stung/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The shampoo stung my eyes.[↗](../../stung/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He was stung by a jellyfish at the beach.[↗](../../stung/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She felt stung by the unkind joke.[↗](../../stung/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Stay calm and still if a bee buzzes near you so you don't get stung.[↗](../../stung/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · After being stung, put something cold on it.[↗](../../stung/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · A BOY was stung by a Nettle.[↗](../../stung/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**stunned** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stunned means very surprised or shocked, so that you can hardly speak or move.[↗](../../stunned/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Stunned means made unconscious or dizzy for a short time by a hit on the head.[↗](../../stunned/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We were stunned when we won first prize.[↗](../../stunned/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · There was a stunned silence in the room.[↗](../../stunned/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The bird was stunned after hitting the window.[↗](../../stunned/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She was stunned by the news.[↗](../../stunned/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The fans were stunned by the late goal.[↗](../../stunned/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · He stood stunned, unable to speak.[↗](../../stunned/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The boxer was stunned by the punch.[↗](../../stunned/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Wali Dâd stood stunned and helpless.[↗](../../stunned/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**stunt** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A stunt is a daring or dangerous action, often done in a film or show, such as jumping a car or falling from a building.[↗](../../stunt/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A stunt is also a trick done to get attention, like a «publicity stunt».[↗](../../stunt/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To stunt something means to stop it from growing properly.[↗](../../stunt/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The stuntwoman jumped from the roof onto a mattress.[↗](../../stunt/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't try that bike stunt — you'll break your neck\![↗](../../stunt/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The skateboarder did a stunt off the ramp.[↗](../../stunt/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The plant in the dark cupboard was stunted and pale.[↗](../../stunt/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Poor food can stunt a child's growth.[↗](../../stunt/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Painting the school statue pink was just a publicity stunt.[↗](../../stunt/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · If you pull a stunt like that again, you'll be in trouble.[↗](../../stunt/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stunted** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stunted means smaller or shorter than normal because growth has been stopped or slowed, often by poor food, illness or a hard place to live.[↗](../../stunted/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Stunted can describe something that has not developed properly, like stunted progress.[↗](../../stunted/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The plant kept in the dark was pale and stunted.[↗](../../stunted/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · High on the mountain only stunted trees could grow.[↗](../../stunted/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Children without enough food can have stunted growth.[↗](../../stunted/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Wind and salt left the trees stunted and bent.[↗](../../stunted/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our results showed that plants with no water were stunted.[↗](../../stunted/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The war stunted the town's growth for many years.[↗](../../stunted/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Just look! that rose is all slug-eaten, and this one is stunted\![↗](../../stunted/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stunting** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stunting is when something, especially a child or a plant, does not grow as tall or as well as it should, often because of poor food, illness or lack of light.[↗](../../stunting/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* As a verb form, stunting means stopping or slowing something's growth or development.[↗](../../stunting/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Stunting can also mean doing stunts: daring tricks on bikes, skateboards, cars or planes.[↗](../../stunting/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Lack of sunlight caused stunting in our bean plants.[↗](../../stunting/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Charities work to reduce stunting in young children.[↗](../../stunting/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Smoking around children risks stunting their lung growth.[↗](../../stunting/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Bad food in early life can lead to stunting.[↗](../../stunting/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The cold winds were stunting the trees on the hill.[↗](../../stunting/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The bikers were stunting in the car park.[↗](../../stunting/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Our class graph showed stunting in the plants without water.[↗](../../stunting/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupefied** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stupefied means so shocked, tired or dazed that you cannot think or act clearly.[↗](../../stupefied/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The boy stood stupefied at the sight of the dragon.[↗](../../stupefied/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The bees were stupefied by what they had eaten.[↗](../../stupefied/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I was stupefied by the news.[↗](../../stupefied/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The king sat stupefied in his chair.[↗](../../stupefied/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupefy** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* To make someone dull, dazed or unable to think clearly.[↗](../../stupefy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupendous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stupendous means huge or amazing, astonishing in size, strength or power.[↗](../../stupendous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The giant's strength was stupendous.[↗](../../stupendous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw a stupendous waterfall.[↗](../../stupendous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A stupendous feast was laid out.[↗](../../stupendous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The palace had a stupendous size.[↗](../../stupendous/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupid** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stupid means not clever or not sensible: a stupid mistake.[↗](../../stupid/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Stupid describes something silly or annoying: this stupid zip won't work.[↗](../../stupid/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It was a stupid mistake to leave the gate open.[↗](../../stupid/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Calling someone stupid is unkind.[↗](../../stupid/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · This stupid printer is jammed again\![↗](../../stupid/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Climbing on the roof for a dare is stupid and dangerous.[↗](../../stupid/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · There is no such thing as a stupid question.[↗](../../stupid/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I felt stupid when I forgot my lines.[↗](../../stupid/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He did a stupid thing, but he said sorry.[↗](../../stupid/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't stand there, looking so stupid."[↗](../../stupid/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupidity** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stupidity is being stupid: not thinking well or not understanding.[↗](../../stupidity/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A stupidity is a silly or foolish act or idea.[↗](../../stupidity/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It was sheer stupidity to swim in the flooded river.[↗](../../stupidity/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He laughed at his own stupidity after locking the keys in the car.[↗](../../stupidity/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The fire was caused by human stupidity, not lightning.[↗](../../stupidity/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I can't believe the stupidity of that plan\![↗](../../stupidity/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't let one moment of stupidity spoil your day.[↗](../../stupidity/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The story is about the stupidity of a greedy king.[↗](../../stupidity/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Neither violence nor stupidity gave him a thought.[↗](../../stupidity/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The second word, שטותה, cannot be made sense of without emendation.[↗](../../stupidity/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") שְׁטוּתָה shetutah would appear to be passed on a root שָׁטָה shatah which means ‘to mock, ridicule’, found in words like שְׁטוּת shetut ‘stupidity’.[↗](../../stupidity/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../stupidity/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupidly** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stupidly means in a silly or unwise way, without thinking first: «I stupidly left my coat at school».[↗](../../stupidly/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Stupidly can describe a dazed, blank way of doing something, like staring stupidly.[↗](../../stupidly/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) Stupidly can mean «extremely», as in «stupidly expensive» or «stupidly fast».[↗](../../stupidly/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I stupidly forgot my PE kit again.[↗](../../stupidly/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He stupidly ran into the road without looking.[↗](../../stupidly/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She stared stupidly at the broken vase.[↗](../../stupidly/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Those trainers are stupidly expensive.[↗](../../stupidly/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The roller coaster was stupidly fast.[↗](../../stupidly/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We stupidly left the back door open and the dog got out.[↗](../../stupidly/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · I have come myself to get the box which he so stupidly left behind.[↗](../../stupidly/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stupor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A stupor is a dazed state in which you cannot think or feel properly, as after shock, a spell, drink or sleep.[↗](../../stupor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He fell into a stupor after the spell.[↗](../../stupor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Alonzo shook off his stupor and took aim.[↗](../../stupor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The drink left him in a deep stupor.[↗](../../stupor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The noise woke her from her stupor.[↗](../../stupor/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

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