---
title: S — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 115
description: The 2316 words of the English dictionary under S, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# S — The English dictionary · page 115

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**sumatran** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sumatran means from or to do with Sumatra, a large island of Indonesia in South-East Asia.[↗](../../sumatran/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A Sumatran is a person from Sumatra.[↗](../../sumatran/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* It is used in the names of rare animals that live there: the Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran orangutan, the Sumatran rhinoceros and the Sumatran elephant.[↗](../../sumatran/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Sumatran tiger is the smallest tiger.[↗](../../sumatran/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sumatran orangutans live high in the trees.[↗](../../sumatran/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Only a few Sumatran rhinos are left in the wild.[↗](../../sumatran/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The Sumatran rainforest is being cut down for farms.[↗](../../sumatran/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We adopted a Sumatran tiger at the zoo for our class project.[↗](../../sumatran/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sumatran coffee is sold all over the world.[↗](../../sumatran/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**sumerian** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sumerian means from or to do with Sumer, one of the world's first civilisations, in southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq), about 5,000 years ago.[↗](../../sumerian/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A Sumerian was a person from Sumer.[↗](../../sumerian/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Sumerian is the language they spoke, written in cuneiform, one of the oldest written languages.[↗](../../sumerian/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets.[↗](../../sumerian/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sumerian cities were built between two rivers.[↗](../../sumerian/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We made Sumerian cuneiform with lolly sticks and clay.[↗](../../sumerian/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Our 60 minutes in an hour comes from the Sumerian way of counting.[↗](../../sumerian/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Ur was a great Sumerian city.[↗](../../sumerian/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The Sumerian king Gilgamesh is the hero of a very old story.[↗](../../sumerian/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Sumerian is not related to any language spoken today.[↗](../../sumerian/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**summarise** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To give the main points of something in a few words, leaving out the details.[↗](../../summarise/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Summarise the story in three sentences.[↗](../../summarise/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · To summarise, plants need light, water and air.[↗](../../summarise/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Can you summarise what happened in the chapter?[↗](../../summarise/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The scientist summarised her results in a table.[↗](../../summarise/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The news reader summarised the day's main stories.[↗](../../summarise/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Summarise the paragraph in your own words.[↗](../../summarise/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In this place I can only roughly summarise my results.[↗](../../summarise/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**summary** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A summary is a short version of something longer, giving only the main points.[↗](../../summary/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (formal, adjective) Summary means done quickly, without the usual steps: «summary justice».[↗](../../summary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* «In summary» means «to put it briefly».[↗](../../summary/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Write a summary of the story in five sentences.[↗](../../summary/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The news gave a short summary of the match.[↗](../../summary/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In summary, plants need light, water and air.[↗](../../summary/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The teacher read our summaries aloud.[↗](../../summary/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The summary at the end of the chapter helps with revision.[↗](../../summary/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A summary table shows the total sales for each day.[↗](../../summary/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The book's back cover has a summary of the plot.[↗](../../summary/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**summer** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Summer is the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn (fall).[↗](../../summer/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Summer holidays (US: summer vacation) are the long break from school in summer.[↗](../../summer/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* She read 12 books during the summer.[↗](../../summer/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The summer holiday lasts 8 weeks.[↗](../../summer/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He earns 10 dollars a day in the summer.[↗](../../summer/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The pool opens every summer.[↗](../../summer/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In Australia, Christmas comes in summer.[↗](../../summer/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Wear a hat and sun cream on hot summer days.[↗](../../summer/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The days are longest in summer.[↗](../../summer/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · We went to summer camp by the lake.[↗](../../summer/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · A hard winter followed this summer.[↗](../../summer/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.'[↗](../../summer/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.8.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summer/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Lecture before the Hermetic Society of London in the summer of 1886, Dr. Anna Kingsford, President, in the chair.[↗](../../summer/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../summer/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · The substance of this little volume was read as a \[p. 13\] Lecture before the Hermetic Society of London in the summer of 1886, Dr. Anna Kingsford, President, in the chair.[↗](../../summer/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../summer/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Provideth her bread in the summer, and gatherest her food in the harvest.[↗](../../summer/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.6.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summer/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · 'The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.'[↗](../../summer/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.8.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summer/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Thus the Lord GOD showed me; and behold a basket of summer fruit.[↗](../../summer/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets AMO.8.1, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summer/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**summit** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A summit is the highest point or top of a mountain or hill.[↗](../../summit/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A summit is an important meeting between leaders of countries.[↗](../../summit/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* The summit of something is its highest level or greatest success.[↗](../../summit/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (verb, climbing) To summit is to reach the top of a mountain.[↗](../../summit/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We reached the summit just before lunch.[↗](../../summit/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The view from the summit was amazing.[↗](../../summit/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Snow covers the summit all year.[↗](../../summit/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · World leaders met at a summit to talk about climate change.[↗](../../summit/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The summit of Ben Nevis is the highest point in the UK.[↗](../../summit/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The climbers summited at dawn.[↗](../../summit/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Winning the cup was the summit of her career.[↗](../../summit/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The summit is 450 metres higher than the car park.[↗](../../summit/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · So he ascended to the summit of the mountain, and there claimed his child.[↗](../../summit/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**summon** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To officially order someone to come: summoned to the head teacher's office.[↗](../../summon/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To call for help: summon an ambulance.[↗](../../summon/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To gather up a feeling or strength inside you: summon up courage.[↗](../../summon/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (stories) To call up a spirit or creature by magic.[↗](../../summon/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The head teacher summoned me to her office.[↗](../../summon/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · He summoned help by blowing his whistle.[↗](../../summon/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She summoned up the courage to sing alone.[↗](../../summon/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The wizard summoned a storm.[↗](../../summon/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The king summoned his knights to the castle.[↗](../../summon/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Press the button to summon the lift.[↗](../../summon/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The learned Selim was summoned immediately.[↗](../../summon/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · And Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.[↗](../../summon/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 1SA.23.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summon/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And Saul summoned the people, and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand men of Judah.[↗](../../summon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 1SA.15.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../summon/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**sumptuous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sumptuous means very rich, costly and grand, with the best of everything: a sumptuous feast.[↗](../../sumptuous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Another feast was prepared, more sumptuous than the first.[↗](../../sumptuous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The King ordered a sumptuous banquet.[↗](../../sumptuous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · They had a sumptuous meal of roast meat and cakes.[↗](../../sumptuous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**sun** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The star that our Earth goes around; it gives us light and heat.[↗](../../sun/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The light and warmth that come from the sun.[↗](../../sun/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "Let's sit in the sun."[↗](../../sun/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Any star with planets around it (in science talk).[↗](../../sun/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* As a verb, to lie in the sunshine to get warm.[↗](../../sun/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sun rises in the east.[↗](../../sun/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Earth goes around the sun once a year.[↗](../../sun/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Plants need sun to grow.[↗](../../sun/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Never look straight at the sun.[↗](../../sun/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Put on sunscreen before you play in the sun.[↗](../../sun/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cat is lying in the sun.[↗](../../sun/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The sun is a star, not a planet.[↗](../../sun/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The sun set and it got dark.[↗](../../sun/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Then the Sun began to shine.[↗](../../sun/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot came unto Zoar.[↗](../../sun/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.19.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And the sun rose upon him as he passed over Peniel, and he limped upon his thigh.[↗](../../sun/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.32.31, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · the two tribes and the half-tribe have received their inheritance beyond the Jordan at Jericho eastward, toward the sun-rising.'[↗](../../sun/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.34.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Then I returned and saw vanity under the sun. (Writings ECC.4.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · In them hath He set a tent for the sun, (Writings PSA.19.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · The sun ariseth, they slink away, and couch in their dens.[↗](../../sun/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.104.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sun/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunbathe** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To sunbathe is to sit or lie in the sunshine, usually to relax or to get a tan.[↗](../../sunbathe/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Mum likes to sunbathe by the pool.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't sunbathe in the middle of the day.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We sunbathed on the beach after swimming.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Put on sunscreen before you sunbathe.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The lizard was sunbathing on a warm rock.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunbathing too long can give you sunburn.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Seals sunbathe on the rocks.[↗](../../sunbathe/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunbeam** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A sunbeam is a ray or narrow beam of sunlight, especially one you can see shining through a gap, a window or clouds.[↗](../../sunbeam/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal, UK) «Ray of sunshine» or «sunbeam» can be a fond name for a cheerful child.[↗](../../sunbeam/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The cat lay asleep in a warm sunbeam.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Dust danced in the sunbeam from the window.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunbeams broke through the clouds after the storm.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A sunbeam shows that light travels in straight lines.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We could see sunbeams shining down through the forest trees.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · «Morning, sunbeam!» said Nan when I came down to breakfast.[↗](../../sunbeam/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunbonnet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A sunbonnet is a bonnet with a wide brim and a flap at the back, worn to keep the sun off the face and neck.[↗](../../sunbonnet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The girl tied her pink sunbonnet on her head.[↗](../../sunbonnet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunbonnets shade the face from the hot sun.[↗](../../sunbonnet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunburn** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sunburn is red, sore, hot skin caused by staying in strong sunlight too long.[↗](../../sunburn/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sunburned or sunburnt describes skin hurt by the sun.[↗](../../sunburn/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I got sunburn on my shoulders at the beach.[↗](../../sunburn/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Put on sunscreen so you don't get sunburnt.[↗](../../sunburn/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · You can get sunburn even when it's cloudy.[↗](../../sunburn/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Her nose was red and sunburnt.[↗](../../sunburn/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Wear a hat to protect your face from sunburn.[↗](../../sunburn/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunburn can make your skin peel.[↗](../../sunburn/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cool showers help soothe sunburn.[↗](../../sunburn/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Seek shade at midday to avoid sunburn.[↗](../../sunburn/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunburnt** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* If you are sunburnt, your skin is red, sore and hot because you stayed in strong sunshine too long.[↗](../../sunburnt/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sunburnt is also the past form of the verb «sunburn», used for skin that has been burnt by the sun.[↗](../../sunburnt/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I got sunburnt at the beach.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · His shoulders were badly sunburnt.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Put on sun cream so you don't get sunburnt.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · You can get sunburnt even on a cloudy day.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Her nose was sunburnt after the hike.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunburnt skin may peel after a few days.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Cool water helps sunburnt skin feel better.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The four boys grew up to be tall young men, with sunburnt faces.[↗](../../sunburnt/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**sundae** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A sundae is a dessert of ice cream topped with sauce, such as chocolate or strawberry, and often with whipped cream, nuts, sprinkles and a cherry, served in a tall glass or bowl.[↗](../../sundae/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I had a chocolate sundae with a cherry on top.[↗](../../sundae/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We made sundaes at Lily's party.[↗](../../sundae/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A hot fudge sundae is my favourite treat.[↗](../../sundae/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The café sells sundaes in tall glasses.[↗](../../sundae/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · If there are 3 ice-cream flavours and 2 sauces, you can make 6 different sundaes.[↗](../../sundae/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My sundae had sprinkles, nuts and cream.[↗](../../sundae/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunday** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sunday is a day of the week.[↗](../../sunday/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") It comes after Saturday and before Monday.[↗](../../sunday/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sunday is part of the weekend; in many places it is a day of rest or of going to church.[↗](../../sunday/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* On Sunday she read 30 pages.[↗](../../sunday/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop is closed on Sunday.[↗](../../sunday/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · From Monday to Sunday is 7 days.[↗](../../sunday/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · He saved 2 dollars every day from Monday to Sunday.[↗](../../sunday/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We visit Nana every Sunday.[↗](../../sunday/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sunday comes after Saturday.[↗](../../sunday/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · On Sundays we have a roast dinner.[↗](../../sunday/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The library opens late on Sunday mornings.[↗](../../sunday/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · On the following Sunday there was Communion.[↗](../../sunday/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**sunder** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* To break or split something apart, or to cut it in two.[↗](../../sunder/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* They are joined one to another; they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.[↗](../../sunder/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.41.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sunder/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · To Him who divided the Red Sea in sunder, for His mercy endureth for ever; (Writings PSA.136.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sunder/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · For He hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.[↗](../../sunder/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.107.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sunder/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**sundew** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A small meat-eating plant that grows in boggy places and has leaves covered in sticky, shining hairs that trap and digest insects.[↗](../../sundew/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A sundew catches flies with its sticky leaves.[↗](../../sundew/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The drops on a sundew look like dew in the sun.[↗](../../sundew/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Sundews grow in wet, boggy places.[↗](../../sundew/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · When an insect lands on a sundew, the leaf curls around it.[↗](../../sundew/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We grew a sundew on the classroom windowsill.[↗](../../sundew/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Sundews and Venus flytraps are both meat-eating plants.[↗](../../sundew/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**sundial** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An old instrument that shows the time of day by the shadow that a pointer (the gnomon) casts on a flat dial marked with hours.[↗](../../sundial/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sundial in the garden shows it is about three o'clock.[↗](../../sundial/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A sundial does not work at night or on cloudy days.[↗](../../sundial/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We made a sundial with a pencil and a paper plate.[↗](../../sundial/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The shadow on the sundial moves as the Earth turns.[↗](../../sundial/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Old churches often have sundials on their walls.[↗](../../sundial/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The shadow is shortest at noon, when the Sun is highest.[↗](../../sundial/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**sundown** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sundown is the time when the sun goes down; sunset.[↗](../../sundown/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Even after sundown it was hot.[↗](../../sundown/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We must be home before sundown.[↗](../../sundown/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**sundry** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sundry means various or several different ones, not named one by one: sundry other articles.[↗](../../sundry/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sundries are small odds and ends or items of various kinds.[↗](../../sundry/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He packed socks, pens and sundry other things.[↗](../../sundry/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop sold sundries such as string and soap.[↗](../../sundry/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

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