---
title: S — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 122
description: The 2316 words of the English dictionary under S, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# S — The English dictionary · page 122

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**sustenance** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (formal) Sustenance is food and drink that keeps a person, animal or plant alive and strong.[↗](../../sustenance/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "The travellers had no sustenance for days."[↗](../../sustenance/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sustenance also means anything that supports or strengthens someone, like comfort, hope or faith.[↗](../../sustenance/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "Her letters gave him sustenance."[↗](../../sustenance/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The explorers needed sustenance after the long walk.[↗](../../sustenance/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Bread was the main sustenance of poor families in the past.[↗](../../sustenance/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Plants get sustenance from sunlight, water and soil.[↗](../../sustenance/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Many Christians say prayer gives them spiritual sustenance.[↗](../../sustenance/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The squirrels stored nuts for sustenance in winter.[↗](../../sustenance/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A cup of tea and a biscuit gave Grandma some sustenance.[↗](../../sustenance/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Hope was their only sustenance during the war.[↗](../../sustenance/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Inconsolable at his loss, she threw herself upon the ground, and refused all sustenance.[↗](../../sustenance/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · and they encamped against them, and destroyed the produce of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass.[↗](../../sustenance/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JDG.6.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sustenance/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old; and he had provided the king with sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man.[↗](../../sustenance/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2SA.19.33, JPS 1917)[↗](../../sustenance/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**sutra** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (religion) A sutra is a holy teaching or text in Buddhism or Hinduism, often a sermon of the Buddha or short wise sayings.[↗](../../sutra/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In Hindu learning a sutra can also be a short rule or saying that is easy to remember.[↗](../../sutra/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The monks chanted a sutra in the temple.[↗](../../sutra/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Buddhists believe the sutras record the Buddha's teachings.[↗](../../sutra/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Heart Sutra is very short.[↗](../../sutra/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We learned that «sutra» comes from a Sanskrit word meaning thread.[↗](../../sutra/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Each sutra was copied by hand onto palm leaves.[↗](../../sutra/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

**suture** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (medicine) A suture is a stitch, or a row of stitches, that a doctor uses to close a cut or wound.[↗](../../suture/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To suture a wound is to sew it closed.[↗](../../suture/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (science) A suture is also a fixed, wiggly joint between bones, like the lines where the bones of the skull meet.[↗](../../suture/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The doctor put five sutures in my cut.[↗](../../suture/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The sutures will dissolve in a week.[↗](../../suture/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The nurse took out the sutures from his knee.[↗](../../suture/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The vet sutured the dog's leg.[↗](../../suture/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Your skull has wiggly lines called sutures.[↗](../../suture/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Some sutures are made of special thread.[↗](../../suture/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep the sutures clean and dry.[↗](../../suture/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**sw** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A fragment, probably a stray bit of text or an abbreviation, not a real English word.[↗](../../sw/#m1 "tree and pragmatics")

**swab** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A swab is a small piece of cotton wool, often on a stick, used to clean a wound or put on medicine.[↗](../../swab/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A swab is also a sample taken with such a stick from someone's nose, throat or mouth, so it can be tested for germs: a Covid swab.[↗](../../swab/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (verb) To swab means to clean or wipe with a swab, or to take such a sample.[↗](../../swab/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (verb) To swab the deck means to clean the floor of a ship with a mop.[↗](../../swab/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The nurse cleaned the cut with a swab.[↗](../../swab/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor took a swab from my throat.[↗](../../swab/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We did a swab test at home when I had a cough.[↗](../../swab/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The pirates were made to swab the decks.[↗](../../swab/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · We swabbed the door handle and grew bacteria in a dish.[↗](../../swab/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Use a cotton swab to dab on the cream.[↗](../../swab/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Police can swab the inside of the cheek for DNA.[↗](../../swab/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**swaddle** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To swaddle is to wrap a baby tightly in soft cloth so it cannot move its arms or legs much.[↗](../../swaddle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Swaddling clothes are the cloths used for this.[↗](../../swaddle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") (old use).[↗](../../swaddle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The mother swaddled the baby in a blanket.[↗](../../swaddle/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The stork carried a baby in swaddling clothes.[↗](../../swaddle/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Babies were often swaddled tightly long ago.[↗](../../swaddle/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.[↗](../../swaddle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.16.4, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swaddle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

**swag** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (slang) Swag means cool style and confidence in how you look or act.[↗](../../swag/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "He walked in with loads of swag."[↗](../../swag/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal) Swag is free stuff given away at events, such as badges, pens, stickers and T-shirts with a company's name.[↗](../../swag/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (old slang) Swag is stolen goods, especially what a burglar carries away in a bag.[↗](../../swag/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (Australia, New Zealand) A swag is a bedroll: a waterproof canvas bag with a mattress for sleeping outdoors; a swagman was a traveller who carried one.[↗](../../swag/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* A swag is also a piece of cloth or a decoration hanging in a curve, as above a window.[↗](../../swag/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The burglar ran off with a bag of swag.[↗](../../swag/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We got lots of swag at the science fair: pens, stickers and a cap.[↗](../../swag/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My cousin thinks his new trainers give him swag.[↗](../../swag/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In the outback we slept in swags under the stars.[↗](../../swag/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Once a jolly swagman camped by a billabong.[↗](../../swag/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The curtains had a swag of red silk across the top.[↗](../../swag/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · That dance move has serious swag\![↗](../../swag/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (slang)[↗](../../swag/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**swagger** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To swagger is to walk or behave in a very proud, showy way, as if you think you are better than others.[↗](../../swagger/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (noun) Swagger is that proud, showy way of walking or behaving.[↗](../../swagger/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (informal) Swagger can mean confident style that others admire.[↗](../../swagger/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Toad swaggered down the road, singing about himself.[↗](../../swagger/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The new captain walked with a swagger.[↗](../../swagger/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Pirates swaggered through the town.[↗](../../swagger/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · He swaggered into class as if he owned it.[↗](../../swagger/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She had the swagger of a champion.[↗](../../swagger/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The bully swaggered up to the little ones.[↗](../../swagger/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**swaggering** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Walking or behaving in a proud, show-off way, as if you are very important.[↗](../../swaggering/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Too confident and boastful.[↗](../../swaggering/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Toad came swaggering down the drive in his goggles.[↗](../../swaggering/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The swaggering pirate laughed at the crew.[↗](../../swaggering/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He walked in with a swaggering grin.[↗](../../swaggering/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The team's swaggering captain lost the match.[↗](../../swaggering/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I don't like his swaggering way of talking.[↗](../../swaggering/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The cockerel strutted about, swaggering.[↗](../../swaggering/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**swahili** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Swahili is a language spoken by many millions of people in East Africa, especially in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and nearby countries; in Swahili itself it is called Kiswahili.[↗](../../swahili/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The Swahili are also a people of the East African coast, and Swahili describes their culture, such as Swahili cities and Swahili food.[↗](../../swahili/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Swahili is spoken in Kenya and Tanzania.[↗](../../swahili/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Jambo» means hello in Swahili.[↗](../../swahili/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The word «safari» comes from Swahili and means journey.[↗](../../swahili/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · «Hakuna matata» is Swahili for «no worries».[↗](../../swahili/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our teacher taught us to count to ten in Swahili.[↗](../../swahili/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · «Asante sana» means «thank you very much» in Swahili.[↗](../../swahili/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Swahili has borrowed many words from Arabic.[↗](../../swahili/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · People on the Swahili coast have traded by sea for centuries.[↗](../../swahili/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**swallow** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To make food, drink or something else go down your throat into your stomach.[↗](../../swallow/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To move your throat as if swallowing, for example when nervous.[↗](../../swallow/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A noun: a small bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail that flies fast and catches insects.[↗](../../swallow/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To believe something too easily, or to hide a feeling: «swallow your pride».[↗](../../swallow/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Chew your food well before you swallow it.[↗](../../swallow/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · My little brother swallowed a coin, so Mum called the doctor.[↗](../../swallow/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · It hurts to swallow when you have a sore throat.[↗](../../swallow/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Snakes swallow their food whole.[↗](../../swallow/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He swallowed hard and walked on stage.[↗](../../swallow/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Swallows build mud nests under the roof.[↗](../../swallow/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In autumn the swallows fly south.[↗](../../swallow/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · That story is hard to swallow.[↗](../../swallow/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · One swallow does not make summer.[↗](../../swallow/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears.[↗](../../swallow/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.41.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Thou stretchedst out Thy right hand — the earth swallowed them.[↗](../../swallow/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.15.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And the thin ears swallowed up the seven rank and full ears.[↗](../../swallow/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.41.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · Or should a man wish that he were swallowed up?[↗](../../swallow/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings JOB.37.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram.[↗](../../swallow/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.106.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Then they had swallowed us up alive, when their wrath was kindled against us; (Writings PSA.124.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swallow/#x15 "tree and pragmatics")

**swallowtail** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A swallowtail is a large, brightly coloured butterfly with long points on its back wings that look like the forked tail of a swallow (a bird).[↗](../../swallowtail/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Swallowtail can describe any shape with a deep forked end, like a swallowtail flag or swallowtail coat.[↗](../../swallowtail/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A yellow swallowtail landed on the flower.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The swallowtail butterfly has long tails on its wings.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In the UK, swallowtails live in the Norfolk Broads.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The swallowtail caterpillar was green with black stripes.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The ship flew a swallowtail flag.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We drew a swallowtail for our minibeast project.[↗](../../swallowtail/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**swamp** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An area of land that is always wet and soft, with trees, reeds and still water.[↗](../../swamp/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (verb) To flood something with water.[↗](../../swamp/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (verb) To give someone far too much of something: swamped with work.[↗](../../swamp/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Alligators live in the swamps of Florida.[↗](../../swamp/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The path through the swamp was muddy.[↗](../../swamp/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A big wave swamped the little boat.[↗](../../swamp/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I'm swamped with homework this week.[↗](../../swamp/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Mosquitoes breed in swamps.[↗](../../swamp/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The shop was swamped with customers after the sale started.[↗](../../swamp/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Falling into a swamp, he remains there some time.[↗](../../swamp/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**swampy** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Swampy land is wet, soft and muddy, like a swamp, with water lying on it and plants growing in the water.[↗](../../swampy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The path became swampy after the rain.[↗](../../swampy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Alligators live in swampy parts of Florida.[↗](../../swampy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The football pitch was swampy and we got covered in mud.[↗](../../swampy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mosquitoes breed in swampy ground.[↗](../../swampy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The ogre lived in a swampy forest.[↗](../../swampy/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Swampy land is good for frogs and herons.[↗](../../swampy/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In the swampy margin of a broad stream in the garden lived the toad, with her son.[↗](../../swampy/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**swan** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A swan is a large water bird, usually white, with a long curved neck.[↗](../../swan/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal, UK) To swan around or off is to go somewhere in a relaxed, carefree way, often while others are working.[↗](../../swan/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Two white swans glided across the lake.[↗](../../swan/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A baby swan is called a cygnet.[↗](../../swan/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Black swans live in Australia.[↗](../../swan/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't feed swans bread; give them peas or seeds.[↗](../../swan/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The ugly duckling grew up to be a beautiful swan.[↗](../../swan/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Swans can be fierce if you go near their nest.[↗](../../swan/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He swanned off to the beach while we cleaned up.[↗](../../swan/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · She swans around as if she owns the place.[↗](../../swan/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**swap** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To swap is to give one thing and get another in return.[↗](../../swap/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To swap places or seats is for two people to change places.[↗](../../swap/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A swap is the act of swapping, or the thing you get.[↗](../../swap/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Tom swaps 3 stickers for 2 of Ben's.[↗](../../swap/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · They swap seats.[↗](../../swap/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She swapped 4 marbles for 1 big one.[↗](../../swap/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · How many stickers does Tom have after the swap?[↗](../../swap/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Can I swap my apple for your banana?[↗](../../swap/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We swapped books after we finished reading.[↗](../../swap/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Swap the numbers: 4 + 7 is the same as 7 + 4.[↗](../../swap/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · That was a fair swap.[↗](../../swap/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The two players swapped shirts after the match.[↗](../../swap/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**sward** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (literary, old) An area of short grass; a lawn or green field of turf.[↗](../../sward/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The children ran across the green sward.[↗](../../sward/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sheep grazed on the sward by the river.[↗](../../sward/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · They spread a picnic on the sward.[↗](../../sward/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The castle stood above a smooth sward.[↗](../../sward/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Daisies dotted the sward.[↗](../../sward/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The farmer checked the sward before letting the cows out.[↗](../../sward/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · They flung themselves down on the sward, close to their underground home.[↗](../../sward/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**swarm** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A swarm is a big group of insects, such as bees, wasps or locusts, flying together.[↗](../../swarm/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A swarm of people is a large crowd moving together.[↗](../../swarm/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To swarm is to move in a large, busy group: bees swarmed around the hive.[↗](../../swarm/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A place swarming with something is full of it: the beach was swarming with tourists.[↗](../../swarm/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A swarm of bees flew out of the tree.[↗](../../swarm/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Locust swarms can eat a whole field of crops.[↗](../../swarm/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Fans swarmed onto the pitch after the match.[↗](../../swarm/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The park was swarming with children.[↗](../../swarm/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · If you see a swarm of wasps, walk away calmly.[↗](../../swarm/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Flies swarmed around the bin.[↗](../../swarm/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A swarm can hold thousands of bees.[↗](../../swarm/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · A swarm of hungry blood-sucking flies settled upon him.[↗](../../swarm/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And you, be ye fruitful, and multiply; swarm in the earth, and multiply therein.'[↗](../../swarm/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.9.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And all winged swarming things are unclean unto you; they shall not be eaten.[↗](../../swarm/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.14.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · All winged swarming things that go upon all fours are a detestable thing unto you.[↗](../../swarm/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.11.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Their land swarmed with frogs, in the chambers of their kings.[↗](../../swarm/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.105.30, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · He spoke, and there came swarms of flies, and gnats in all their borders.[↗](../../swarm/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.105.31, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.[↗](../../swarm/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.78.45, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarm/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**swarthy** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Swarthy means having dark skin or a dark complexion, often from being in the sun. (old use).[↗](../../swarthy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Look not upon me, that I am swarthy, that the sun hath tanned me; my mother's sons were incensed against me, they made me keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.'[↗](../../swarthy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings SNG.1.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../swarthy/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The sailor had a swarthy face.[↗](../../swarthy/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A swarthy man sold spices at the market.[↗](../../swarthy/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · His swarthy skin shone in the sun.[↗](../../swarthy/#x4 "tree and pragmatics")

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