---
title: S — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 73
description: The 2316 words of the English dictionary under S, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# S — The English dictionary · page 73

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**source** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A source is where something comes from, like the source of a river or a source of light.[↗](../../source/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A source is a book, website or person where you get information.[↗](../../source/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* To source means to find where to get something from.[↗](../../source/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Sun is a source of light.[↗](../../source/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Find the source of the river on the map.[↗](../../source/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Milk is a good source of calcium.[↗](../../source/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Check your sources before you believe something online.[↗](../../source/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The diary is a primary source from the war.[↗](../../source/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A torch is a light source.[↗](../../source/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Where did you find that information?[↗](../../source/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") What's your source?[↗](../../source/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Wind and sun are clean sources of energy.[↗](../../source/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Source: Internet Sacred Text Archive, https://archive.sacred-texts.com/jud/yetzirah.htm .[↗](../../source/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../source/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Source: https://www.sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Sefer%20Yetzirah%20Gra%20Version?version=english%7CSefer+Yezirah%2C+trans.[↗](../../source/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") +by+Isidor+Kalisch.[↗](../../source/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") +New+York%2C+1877 Sefaria versionTitle: Sefer Yezirah, trans. by Isidor Kalisch.[↗](../../source/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../source/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · Source: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/SepherYetzirah (/Preface, /Introduction, /SepherYetzirah), fetched via index.php?action=render on 2026-10-17.[↗](../../source/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../source/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**sourdough** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sourdough is bread made with a starter, a mix of flour and water full of wild yeast and bacteria, instead of packet yeast; it tastes slightly sour.[↗](../../sourdough/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A sourdough starter is the bubbly mixture kept alive and «fed» with flour and water to make this bread.[↗](../../sourdough/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (US, old) A sourdough was an old-timer in Alaska or the Yukon, especially a gold prospector.[↗](../../sourdough/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We had sourdough toast for breakfast.[↗](../../sourdough/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Our sourdough starter bubbles because of the wild yeast.[↗](../../sourdough/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Feed the starter with flour and water every day.[↗](../../sourdough/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Sourdough tastes a bit sour because of the bacteria.[↗](../../sourdough/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The bakery sells a crusty sourdough loaf.[↗](../../sourdough/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Gas bubbles from the yeast make holes in sourdough.[↗](../../sourdough/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · San Francisco is famous for its sourdough.[↗](../../sourdough/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**sourness** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A sharp, acid taste, like lemons or vinegar.[↗](../../sourness/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A bad-tempered, bitter or unfriendly mood or feeling.[↗](../../sourness/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sourness of the lemon made my face screw up.[↗](../../sourness/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Add sugar to reduce the sourness of the rhubarb.[↗](../../sourness/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Our tongue can taste sourness, sweetness, saltiness, bitterness and umami.[↗](../../sourness/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · There was a sourness between the two friends after the argument.[↗](../../sourness/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The milk had a sourness that told us it was off.[↗](../../sourness/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · His sourness spoiled the party.[↗](../../sourness/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**souslik** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A souslik is a small ground squirrel that lives in burrows on the grassy plains (steppes) of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, including Ukraine.[↗](../../souslik/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It is also spelled «suslik»; the word comes from Russian.[↗](../../souslik/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A souslik stood up on its back legs and whistled a warning.[↗](../../souslik/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Sousliks dig long tunnels under the grass.[↗](../../souslik/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In winter the souslik hibernates deep underground.[↗](../../souslik/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Eagles hunt sousliks on the open steppe.[↗](../../souslik/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The souslik stuffed seeds into its cheek pouches.[↗](../../souslik/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We saw a photo of a souslik in our book about Ukraine's wildlife.[↗](../../souslik/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**south** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* South is one of the four main directions, towards the bottom of most maps, opposite to north.[↗](../../south/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The south of a country or place is the part that lies in that direction.[↗](../../south/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* South also means going towards the south.[↗](../../south/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* The South Pole is the most southern point of the Earth, in Antarctica.[↗](../../south/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The farm is 8 km south of the village.[↗](../../south/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She drove 30 km south and then 10 km north.[↗](../../south/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The south wall is 6 m long.[↗](../../south/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · They sailed south for 3 days.[↗](../../south/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Penguins live near the South Pole.[↗](../../south/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Many birds fly south for the winter in Canada.[↗](../../south/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The south of England is warmer than the north.[↗](../../south/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The wind is blowing from the south.[↗](../../south/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the South.[↗](../../south/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.12.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And he made the boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the south side southward.[↗](../../south/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.36.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards for the south side southward: (Torah EXO.26.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · This is the south side southward.[↗](../../south/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.47.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · The burden of the beasts of the South.[↗](../../south/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.30.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · He measured the south side, five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed.[↗](../../south/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.42.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../south/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**southeast** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Southeast is the direction halfway between south and east on a compass.[↗](../../southeast/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The southeast of a place is the part of it in that direction, as in «the southeast of England».[↗](../../southeast/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (adjective) Southeast describes things in or from that direction, like a southeast wind, which blows from the southeast.[↗](../../southeast/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* Southeast Asia is the region including countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.[↗](../../southeast/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The wind is blowing from the southeast.[↗](../../southeast/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Kent is in the southeast of England.[↗](../../southeast/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn to face southeast on your compass.[↗](../../southeast/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Our holiday was in Southeast Asia, in Thailand.[↗](../../southeast/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The town lies ten miles south-east of the city.[↗](../../southeast/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · On the map, the beach is in the southeast corner.[↗](../../southeast/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Melbourne is in the southeast of Australia.[↗](../../southeast/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · These symbolize also twelve directions in space: northeast, southeast, the east above, the east below, the northwest, southwest, the west above, the west below, the upper south, the lower south, the upper north, the lower north.[↗](../../southeast/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../southeast/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**southeastern** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* In or from the southeast.[↗](../../southeastern/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Their measure is the Twelve Diagonal Borders: Northeastern border, Southeastern border, Upper-Eastern border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Northern border, Lower-Northern border, Southwestern border, Northwestern border, Upper-Western border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Southern border, Lower-Southern border.[↗](../../southeastern/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../southeastern/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**southern** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Southern means in or from the south part of a place.[↗](../../southern/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Southern means facing or going towards the south.[↗](../../southern/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere.[↗](../../southern/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We drove to the southern coast.[↗](../../southern/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Southern Ocean is very cold and stormy.[↗](../../southern/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · In the southern states of the USA, summers are hot.[↗](../../southern/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Penguins live in southern lands near Antarctica.[↗](../../southern/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The southern lights glow over Antarctica.[↗](../../southern/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · At length he reached the southern side of the rocky heights of Parnassus, beneath which lay the harbour of Crissa.[↗](../../southern/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Their measure is the Twelve Diagonal Borders: Northeastern border, Southeastern border, Upper-Eastern border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Northern border, Lower-Northern border, Southwestern border, Northwestern border, Upper-Western border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Southern border, Lower-Southern border.[↗](../../southern/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../southern/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**southland** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A land or region in the south, here the dry southern part of Israel, the Negev.[↗](../../southland/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* And she said: 'Give me a blessing; for that thou hast set me in the Southland, give me therefore springs of water.'[↗](../../southland/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") And he gave her the Upper Springs and the Nether Springs.[↗](../../southland/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.15.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southland/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · And she said unto him: 'Give me a blessing; for that thou hast set me in the Southland, give me therefore springs of water.'[↗](../../southland/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") And Caleb gave her the Upper Springs and the Nether Springs.[↗](../../southland/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JDG.1.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southland/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**southward** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Southward means towards the south: a southward journey, birds flying southward.[↗](../../southward/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The geese flew southward for the winter.[↗](../../southward/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The ship turned southward towards Africa.[↗](../../southward/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We walked southwards along the coast.[↗](../../southward/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The river flows southward to the sea.[↗](../../southward/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The storm is moving southward.[↗](../../southward/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Scott led his team southward to the South Pole.[↗](../../southward/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Head southward until you reach the bridge.[↗](../../southward/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · First she journeyed southward, quite down into the German land.[↗](../../southward/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · And he made the boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the south side southward.[↗](../../southward/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah EXO.36.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards for the south side southward: (Torah EXO.26.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · The families of the sons of Kohath were to pitch on the side of the tabernacle southward; (Torah NUM.3.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · This is the south side southward.[↗](../../southward/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.47.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · To Obed-edom southward; and to his sons the Storehouse.[↗](../../southward/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.26.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · And their south border was from the uttermost part of the Salt Sea, from the bay that looked southward.[↗](../../southward/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.15.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../southward/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**southwards** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Southwards means towards the south.[↗](../../southwards/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It describes the direction of a movement or a journey going to the south.[↗](../../southwards/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The geese flew southwards for the winter.[↗](../../southwards/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · We drove southwards towards the coast.[↗](../../southwards/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The river flows southwards to the sea.[↗](../../southwards/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · On a map, southwards is usually down the page.[↗](../../southwards/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The storm was moving southwards.[↗](../../southwards/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · From the station, walk southwards for two blocks.[↗](../../southwards/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · In Australia, going southwards makes it colder.[↗](../../southwards/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Finnian, the Abbott of Moville, went southwards and eastwards in great haste.[↗](../../southwards/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**southwest** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Southwest is the direction halfway between south and west.[↗](../../southwest/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The southwest of a country is the part in that direction, like the Southwest of the USA or the South West of England.[↗](../../southwest/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The wind is blowing from the southwest.[↗](../../southwest/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Cornwall is in the south-west of England.[↗](../../southwest/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Arizona is in the American Southwest.[↗](../../southwest/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Walk southwest until you reach the river.[↗](../../southwest/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · On the map, the lake is southwest of the village.[↗](../../southwest/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Southwest is written SW on a compass.[↗](../../southwest/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The southwest corner of the park has a playground.[↗](../../southwest/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The birds flew southwest for the winter.[↗](../../southwest/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · A young moon, like a bright bent bow, climbed up from the southwest horizon a little way into the sky.[↗](../../southwest/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · These symbolize also twelve directions in space: northeast, southeast, the east above, the east below, the northwest, southwest, the west above, the west below, the upper south, the lower south, the upper north, the lower north.[↗](../../southwest/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../southwest/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**southwestern** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* In or toward the southwest, the direction halfway between south and west.[↗](../../southwestern/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Their measure is the Twelve Diagonal Borders: Northeastern border, Southeastern border, Upper-Eastern border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Northern border, Lower-Northern border, Southwestern border, Northwestern border, Upper-Western border, Lower-Western border, Upper-Southern border, Lower-Southern border.[↗](../../southwestern/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../southwestern/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**souvenir** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A souvenir is something you buy or keep to remember a place you visited or an event you went to.[↗](../../souvenir/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I bought a keyring as a souvenir of London.[↗](../../souvenir/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The souvenir shop sold mugs and T-shirts.[↗](../../souvenir/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She kept her ticket as a souvenir.[↗](../../souvenir/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandpa brought me a souvenir from Ireland.[↗](../../souvenir/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · This shell is a souvenir of our beach holiday.[↗](../../souvenir/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · If a souvenir costs 4 dollars, how much do three cost?[↗](../../souvenir/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't take stones or plants from national parks as souvenirs.[↗](../../souvenir/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · We collected badges as souvenirs.[↗](../../souvenir/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

**sovereign** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A sovereign is a king or queen, the ruler of a country.[↗](../../sovereign/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sovereign means having the full right to rule itself without control from other countries: a sovereign country.[↗](../../sovereign/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A sovereign is an old British gold coin worth one pound.[↗](../../sovereign/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* (formal) Sovereign also means very great or best, as in «a sovereign remedy» (old).[↗](../../sovereign/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The sovereign was crowned in Westminster Abbey.[↗](../../sovereign/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ukraine is a sovereign country.[↗](../../sovereign/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandad keeps an old gold sovereign in a box.[↗](../../sovereign/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Every sovereign state has its own laws.[↗](../../sovereign/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The sovereign signed the new law.[↗](../../sovereign/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Christians sometimes pray to «the Sovereign Lord».[↗](../../sovereign/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The young man was sent by his Sovereign as ambassador to the Russian Court.[↗](../../sovereign/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**sovereignty** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Sovereignty is the full right and power of a country to govern itself without being controlled by another country.[↗](../../sovereignty/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Sovereignty is the supreme power of a king, queen or government over a land.[↗](../../sovereignty/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ukraine is fighting to protect its sovereignty.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ireland won its sovereignty after a long struggle.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The UN says every country's sovereignty should be respected.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The treaty recognised the island's sovereignty.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · In old times, sovereignty belonged to the king.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · People argued about sovereignty in the news.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · At the time when the Tuatha De Dannan held the sovereignty of Ireland, there reigned in Leinster a king, who was remarkably fond of hearing stories.[↗](../../sovereignty/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**soviet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Soviet means of or about the Soviet Union (USSR), a large communist country that existed for most of the last century, made of Russia, Ukraine and other republics, ruled from Moscow.[↗](../../soviet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (history) A soviet was a workers' council in Russia; the word means «council» in Russian.[↗](../../soviet/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* «The Soviets» means the government or people of the Soviet Union.[↗](../../soviet/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space, sent by the Soviet Union.[↗](../../soviet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union before it became independent.[↗](../../soviet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cold War was a long standoff between the USA and the Soviets.[↗](../../soviet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Soviet soldiers fought in the Second World War.[↗](../../soviet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The Soviet Union broke up into fifteen countries.[↗](../../soviet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Under Soviet rule, many people could not speak freely.[↗](../../soviet/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The word «soviet» means «council» in Russian.[↗](../../soviet/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**soviets** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (history) The Soviets were the people, government or army of the Soviet Union (USSR), a large country that existed from 1922 to 1991, led from Moscow.[↗](../../soviets/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (history) A soviet (small s) was a council of workers or soldiers in Russia around 1917; "soviet" is the Russian word for "council".[↗](../../soviets/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Soviets launched the first satellite in 1957.[↗](../../soviets/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Soviets and the Americans raced to reach space.[↗](../../soviets/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In 1917, workers formed soviets in Russian cities.[↗](../../soviets/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Ukraine was ruled by the Soviets until 1991.[↗](../../soviets/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The Cold War was a long rivalry between the USA and the Soviets.[↗](../../soviets/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My grandad remembers Soviet times.[↗](../../soviets/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Soviets lost millions of people in the Second World War.[↗](../../soviets/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

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