---
title: S — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 91
description: The 2316 words of the English dictionary under S, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# S — The English dictionary · page 91

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**startle** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To startle someone is to surprise or frighten them suddenly, so that they jump or move quickly.[↗](../../startle/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To be startled is to get a sudden small fright.[↗](../../startle/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Something startling is so surprising that it makes you jump.[↗](../../startle/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The loud bang startled the baby.[↗](../../startle/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't startle the horse by running behind it.[↗](../../startle/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The deer was startled and ran into the trees.[↗](../../startle/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I was startled when my phone rang in the quiet library.[↗](../../startle/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · He gave me a startled look.[↗](../../startle/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A sudden shout can startle a sleeping dog.[↗](../../startle/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The cat startled when the door slammed.[↗](../../startle/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · But indeed there was something else, something very astonishing and startling.[↗](../../startle/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · So shall he startle many nations, kings shall shut their mouths because of him; for that which had not been told them shall they see, and that which they had not heard shall they perceive.[↗](../../startle/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.52.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../startle/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**startled** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Startled means suddenly surprised or a little frightened by something unexpected, so you jump or stop.[↗](../../startled/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Startled is also the past form of «startle», which means to surprise or frighten someone suddenly.[↗](../../startled/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The cat was startled by the loud bang.[↗](../../startled/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · She gave a startled cry.[↗](../../startled/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't startle the horse by running behind it.[↗](../../startled/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The deer looked up, startled, and ran away.[↗](../../startled/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · I was startled when my phone rang.[↗](../../startled/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A startled dog may bite, so let it see you coming.[↗](../../startled/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He was startled out of his sleep.[↗](../../startled/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The startled birds flew off the fence.[↗](../../startled/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · “Bill Jukes dead!” cried the startled pirates.[↗](../../startled/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And it came to pass at midnight, that the man was startled, and turned himself; and, behold, a woman lay at his feet.[↗](../../startled/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings RUT.3.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../startled/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**starvation** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Serious suffering or death caused by having little or no food for a long time.[↗](../../starvation/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (informal, exaggerated) Being very hungry: «I'm dying of starvation!» said jokingly before tea.[↗](../../starvation/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* During the famine, many people died of starvation.[↗](../../starvation/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Aid agencies are working to prevent starvation in the war zone.[↗](../../starvation/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Holodomor caused the starvation of millions of Ukrainians.[↗](../../starvation/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Animals in the snow can face starvation in a hard winter.[↗](../../starvation/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · "Is tea ready?[↗](../../starvation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") I'm dying of starvation!"[↗](../../starvation/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Using hunger and starvation as a weapon of war is against international law.[↗](../../starvation/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · To get down was utterly impossible, it seemed as if he must die of starvation.[↗](../../starvation/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**starve** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* To starve is to suffer or die because you have no food for a long time.[↗](../../starve/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* To starve someone is to not give them food.[↗](../../starve/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* «I'm starving» is an everyday way to say «I'm very hungry».[↗](../../starve/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To be starved of something is to not get enough of something you need: «starved of light», «starved of attention».[↗](../../starve/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Many people starved when the crops failed.[↗](../../starve/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The stray dog was nearly starving when we found it.[↗](../../starve/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · I'm starving — what's for dinner?[↗](../../starve/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The plant was starved of light in the dark cupboard.[↗](../../starve/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Never starve a pet; feed it every day.[↗](../../starve/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Without enough food, animals in winter can starve.[↗](../../starve/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The charity sends food to starving families.[↗](../../starve/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He was starved of attention, so he behaved badly.[↗](../../starve/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · He was half starved and begged for help.[↗](../../starve/#x9 "tree and pragmatics")

**starving** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Very ill or dying because of having no food for a long time.[↗](../../starving/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Informally, very hungry.[↗](../../starving/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "I'm starving!"[↗](../../starving/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I'm starving\![↗](../../starving/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") When is lunch?[↗](../../starving/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The starving dog was rescued and fed.[↗](../../starving/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · During the famine, many people were starving.[↗](../../starving/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Charities send food to starving families.[↗](../../starving/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The birds were starving in the snow, so we put out seeds.[↗](../../starving/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · After swimming I am always starving.[↗](../../starving/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · For a starving man, you seem to have a very small appetite."[↗](../../starving/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**state** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A state is the condition something or someone is in, like a state of mess or a calm state.[↗](../../state/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A state is one of the parts that some countries, like the USA and Australia, are divided into, each with its own government.[↗](../../state/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A state can mean a country and its government.[↗](../../state/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* To state something means to say or write it clearly and formally.[↗](../../state/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* In science, the states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.[↗](../../state/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* (casual, UK, Ireland) «In a state» means very upset or very messy; «the state of you!» or «look at the state of that» mocks how someone or something looks.[↗](../../state/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 7:* (casual) «The States» means the USA.[↗](../../state/#m7 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 8:* (formal, exam) «State» is a command word: «State the number of…» means write the answer, no working needed; «it is stated that» means you are told that.[↗](../../state/#m8 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 9:* A state school is run by the government and is free (UK, Australia); in the USA it is a public school.[↗](../../state/#m9 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Water can be a solid, a liquid or a gas: these are its three states.[↗](../../state/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Texas is a big state in the USA.[↗](../../state/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Australia has six states and two territories.[↗](../../state/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · State your answer in centimetres.[↗](../../state/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Your bedroom is in a terrible state\![↗](../../state/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She was in a real state when she lost her keys.[↗](../../state/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The sign states that dogs must be kept on a lead.[↗](../../state/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · When ice melts, it changes state from solid to liquid.[↗](../../state/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · the state of this kitchen, who left 6 cups everywhere (casual, UK)[↗](../../state/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Look at the state of you, you're soaked\![↗](../../state/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (casual)[↗](../../state/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · State the cardinality of the set {2, 4, 6, 8}.[↗](../../state/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (formal exam)[↗](../../state/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · It is stated that a vessel contains 12 litres; state the quantity remaining upon the removal of 5.[↗](../../state/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (formal exam)[↗](../../state/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · In this hopeless state the winter passed.[↗](../../state/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · But Isaac Myer states that there are un- doubted traces of pointing in Hebrew MSS. of the second century.[↗](../../state/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../state/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · And our God made the states of opposition, good and evil, good from the good, and evil from the evil.[↗](../../state/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../state/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · Tali, the Dragon, is above the Universe, as a king on his throne; the sphere in the year as a king in his State, the Heart of man as a king in warfare.[↗](../../state/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)[↗](../../state/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") · Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds; (Writings PRO.27.23, JPS 1917)[↗](../../state/#x17 "tree and pragmatics") · So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and they set up the house of God in its state, and strengthened it.[↗](../../state/#x18 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 2CH.24.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../state/#x18 "tree and pragmatics") · If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and the violent perverting of justice and righteousness in the state, marvel not at the matter; for one higher than the high watcheth, and there are higher than they.[↗](../../state/#x19 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings ECC.5.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../state/#x19 "tree and pragmatics")

**stately** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stately means grand, dignified and impressive, and often slow and calm in movement or appearance.[↗](../../stately/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The stately castle stood on the hill.[↗](../../stately/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The swans glided across the lake in stately fashion.[↗](../../stately/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A stately old lady sat in the chair.[↗](../../stately/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The pigs moved in stately rows across the yard.[↗](../../stately/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · There are three things which are stately in their march, yea, four which are stately in going: (Writings PRO.30.29, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stately/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · and sattest upon a stately bed, with a table prepared before it, whereupon thou didst set Mine incense and Mine oil.[↗](../../stately/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.23.41, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stately/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · This that is glorious in his apparel, stately in the greatness of his strength?' — 'I that speak in victory, mighty to save.' — (Prophets ISA.63.1, JPS 1917)[↗](../../stately/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**statement** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A statement is something you say or write that tells a fact or an idea.[↗](../../statement/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In grammar, a statement is a sentence that tells something and ends with a full stop.[↗](../../statement/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A statement is a formal announcement, or what a person tells the police.[↗](../../statement/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A bank statement is a list of the money going in and out of an account.[↗](../../statement/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* «The sky is blue» is a statement.[↗](../../statement/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A statement ends with a full stop.[↗](../../statement/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Is this statement true or false: 7 is an even number?[↗](../../statement/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The head teacher made a statement about the school trip.[↗](../../statement/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The witness gave a statement to the police.[↗](../../statement/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Write two statements and one question about your picture.[↗](../../statement/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum checked the bank statement.[↗](../../statement/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Prove the statement with an example.[↗](../../statement/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · So far his statement is true.[↗](../../statement/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · This is at variance with tlie Sefer Yetzirah, which emphasizes the doctrine of creation from nothing by the statement: "He (Godi formed existence out of void, something out of nothing" (Mishnah '22i.[↗](../../statement/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../statement/#x10 "tree and pragmatics")

**static** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Static means not moving or not changing: a static picture, prices stayed static.[↗](../../static/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Static electricity is an electric charge that builds up on things when they rub together, making hair stand up or giving a small shock.[↗](../../static/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (noun) Static is a crackling noise on a radio or TV, or fuzzy dots on a screen.[↗](../../static/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Rub the balloon on your jumper to make static electricity.[↗](../../static/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · I got a static shock when I touched the car door.[↗](../../static/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · My hair stood up because of static.[↗](../../static/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The radio only played static in the tunnel.[↗](../../static/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The number of pupils stayed static all year.[↗](../../static/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We did static stretches after the race.[↗](../../static/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Lightning is a huge spark of static electricity.[↗](../../static/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**station** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A station is a place where trains or buses stop so people can get on and off.[↗](../../station/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A station is a building for a special service: fire station, police station, petrol (gas) station.[↗](../../station/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A radio or TV station sends out programmes.[↗](../../station/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* In Australia and New Zealand a station is a very large farm for sheep or cattle.[↗](../../station/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 5:* To station someone is to put them in a place to do a job.[↗](../../station/#m5 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 6:* A station can also mean a person's social rank or position in life.[↗](../../station/#m6 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The train stops at 6 stations.[↗](../../station/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · At the first station, 12 people got off.[↗](../../station/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The station is 15 miles from the farm.[↗](../../station/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · 8 people got on at the next station.[↗](../../station/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The fire engine raced out of the fire station.[↗](../../station/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My uncle works on a sheep station in Australia.[↗](../../station/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The astronauts live on the space station.[↗](../../station/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Which radio station do you like?[↗](../../station/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Then the prince went to his own quarters and was treated as became his station.[↗](../../station/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · And these are they that took their station, and their sons.[↗](../../station/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.6.18, JPS 1917)[↗](../../station/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And I will thrust thee from thy post, and from thy station shalt thou be pulled down.[↗](../../station/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.22.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../station/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And they ministered with song before the tabernacle of the tent of meeting, until Solomon had built the house of the LORD in Jerusalem; and they took their station at their service according to their order.[↗](../../station/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings 1CH.6.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../station/#x12 "tree and pragmatics")

**stationary** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Stationary means not moving, standing still.[↗](../../stationary/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "a stationary car".[↗](../../stationary/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Stationary can mean not changing.[↗](../../stationary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "the number of pupils stayed stationary".[↗](../../stationary/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The car was stationary at the red light.[↗](../../stationary/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A stationary object has a speed of zero.[↗](../../stationary/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · On the graph, the flat part shows when the cyclist was stationary.[↗](../../stationary/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Mum rides a stationary bike at the gym.[↗](../../stationary/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Keep the camera stationary to take a clear photo.[↗](../../stationary/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The train stayed stationary for ten minutes.[↗](../../stationary/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He therefore brought her to Delos, a floating island in the AEgean Sea, which he made stationary by attaching it with chains of adamant to the bottom of the sea.[↗](../../stationary/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**stationery** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Things used for writing and office work, such as paper, envelopes, pens, pencils, rulers and rubbers.[↗](../../stationery/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Writing paper and matching envelopes.[↗](../../stationery/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I bought new stationery for the start of term.[↗](../../stationery/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The stationery cupboard is full of paper and glue.[↗](../../stationery/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Pencils, rulers and rubbers are all stationery.[↗](../../stationery/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · She loves cute stationery with animals on it.[↗](../../stationery/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · A pen costs £1 and a ruler 80p, so the stationery costs £1.80.[↗](../../stationery/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The hotel room had stationery with its name printed on top.[↗](../../stationery/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Our school gives every pupil a stationery pack.[↗](../../stationery/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**statistical** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Statistical means about statistics: the collecting, counting and studying of numbers and data to find patterns and facts.[↗](../../statistical/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Statistical describes something shown by numbers rather than by single stories: a statistical link, statistical evidence.[↗](../../statistical/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We did a statistical survey of favourite fruits in our class.[↗](../../statistical/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The report gives statistical evidence that the river is cleaner.[↗](../../statistical/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A statistical chart showed how many children walk to school.[↗](../../statistical/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists used statistical tests to check their results.[↗](../../statistical/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · There is a statistical link between sleep and good marks.[↗](../../statistical/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The statistical summary showed the mean height was 135 cm.[↗](../../statistical/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Is the difference real or just a statistical accident?[↗](../../statistical/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**statistically** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Statistically means according to statistics, judging by numbers and data.[↗](../../statistically/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "Statistically, flying is safer than driving."[↗](../../statistically/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* "Statistically significant" (formal, science) means a result is very unlikely to have happened just by chance.[↗](../../statistically/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Statistically, more babies are born in summer here.[↗](../../statistically/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Statistically speaking, you are safer on a train than in a car.[↗](../../statistically/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Girls and boys did statistically the same in the test.[↗](../../statistically/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The new medicine worked statistically better than the old one.[↗](../../statistically/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Statistically, it rains on half the days in our town.[↗](../../statistically/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The result was statistically significant, so it was not just luck.[↗](../../statistically/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Statistically, you are very unlikely to win the lottery.[↗](../../statistically/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**statistics** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The branch of maths that collects, organises and studies numbers and data to find patterns and answer questions.[↗](../../statistics/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Facts shown as numbers, such as how many people live in a town or the average rainfall.[↗](../../statistics/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (a statistic) One such number or fact.[↗](../../statistics/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* In maths we are learning about statistics and bar charts.[↗](../../statistics/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The statistics show that more children walk to school than cycle.[↗](../../statistics/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Statistics is a useful subject for scientists.[↗](../../statistics/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The cricket commentator read out the player's statistics.[↗](../../statistics/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Government statistics say the population is growing.[↗](../../statistics/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · One shocking statistic is that many children skip breakfast.[↗](../../statistics/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · We used statistics to find the average height in our class.[↗](../../statistics/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Be careful: statistics can be shown in a way that misleads you.[↗](../../statistics/#x8 "tree and pragmatics")

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