--- title: V — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 11 description: The 307 words of the English dictionary under V, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/page/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [English dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/) / V # V — The English dictionary · page 11 [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/A/) · [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/B/) · [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/C/) · [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/D/) · [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/E/) · [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/F/) · [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/G/) · [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/H/) · [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/I/) · [J](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/J/) · [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/K/) · [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/L/) · [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/M/) · [N](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/N/) · [O](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/O/) · [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/P/) · [Q](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Q/) · [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/R/) · [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/S/) · [T](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/T/) · [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/U/) · [V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/) · [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/W/) · [X](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/X/) · [Y](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Y/) · [Z](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/Z/) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/) … [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/page/10/) **11** [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/page/12/) … [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/page/16/) **viewpoint** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A way of thinking about something; an opinion or point of view.[↗](../../viewpoint/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A high place from which you can see a wide view, often with a sign or bench.[↗](../../viewpoint/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Write the fairy tale from the wolf's viewpoint.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · From my viewpoint, homework should be shorter.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We stopped at a viewpoint to look at the lake.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · It helps to listen to other viewpoints.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The viewpoint at the top of the hill has a telescope.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The two newspapers gave different viewpoints on the story.[↗](../../viewpoint/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **vigesimal** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Based on the number twenty, counting in twenties.[↗](../../vigesimal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* According to the Sefer Yetzira the Hebrew alphabet con- sisting often double letters and twelve simple leters, representing the vigesimal and duodecimal systems of notation, still more fully symbolizes the universe.[↗](../../vigesimal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))[↗](../../vigesimal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") **vigil** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vigil is a time when you stay awake, especially at night, to watch over someone or something or to pray.[↗](../../vigil/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A vigil is a quiet gathering of people to remember someone or to show they care about something, often with candles.[↗](../../vigil/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (church) A vigil is a service on the evening before a holy day, such as the Easter Vigil.[↗](../../vigil/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The family kept a vigil by Grandad's bed.[↗](../../vigil/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · People held a candlelit vigil for the victims.[↗](../../vigil/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Easter Vigil is held on Saturday night.[↗](../../vigil/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The soldiers kept vigil at the gate.[↗](../../vigil/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Rat and Mole kept vigil all night by the river.[↗](../../vigil/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She kept a long vigil waiting for news.[↗](../../vigil/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Then he passed his vigils in Brugeford Chapel, and at dawn of day took his post on the Worm's Rock in the River Wear.[↗](../../vigil/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **vigor** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vigor is strength and energy in the body or in growing things.[↗](../../vigor/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He sanded the axe handle with gentle vigor.[↗](../../vigor/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The old sailor's grandchildren were full of strength and vigor.[↗](../../vigor/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The young plant grew with vigor in the sun.[↗](../../vigor/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **vigorous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vigorous means strong, energetic and active.[↗](../../vigorous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Vigorous exercise makes you breathe hard and your heart beat fast.[↗](../../vigorous/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Vigorous plants grow strongly and healthily.[↗](../../vigorous/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Running is a vigorous exercise.[↗](../../vigorous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Children need vigorous play every day.[↗](../../vigorous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Give the mixture a vigorous stir.[↗](../../vigorous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The old man was still vigorous at eighty.[↗](../../vigorous/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · They had a vigorous debate about school uniform.[↗](../../vigorous/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The tomato plants are vigorous this summer.[↗](../../vigorous/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · A vigorous shake mixed the paint.[↗](../../vigorous/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · He was feeling very vigorous indeed, and pranced around loftily, holding his head high.[↗](../../vigorous/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **vigorously** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* With a lot of energy, force or strength.[↗](../../vigorously/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Shake the bottle vigorously before using.[↗](../../vigorously/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Stir the mixture vigorously for a minute.[↗](../../vigorously/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · He nodded vigorously when asked if he wanted cake.[↗](../../vigorously/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · We exercised vigorously in PE.[↗](../../vigorously/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She vigorously denied breaking the window.[↗](../../vigorously/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The dog wagged its tail vigorously.[↗](../../vigorously/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · At the same moment he caught up a hatchet, and hammered away vigorously with the back of it at the awl.[↗](../../vigorously/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **vigour** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vigour is great strength, energy and enthusiasm in the body or the mind.[↗](../../vigour/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Vigour can describe healthy, strong growth of plants.[↗](../../vigour/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* He scrubbed the floor with great vigour.[↗](../../vigour/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The old man still had the vigour of a young one.[↗](../../vigour/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The team played with new vigour after half-time.[↗](../../vigour/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The roses grew with vigour after the rain.[↗](../../vigour/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · She argued with vigour for her idea.[↗](../../vigour/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The Rat rowed with vigour.[↗](../../vigour/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Heracles now regained his former vigour.[↗](../../vigour/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Lest thou give thy vigour unto others, and thy years unto the cruel; (Writings PRO.5.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vigour/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **vii** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* VII is the Roman numeral for 7 (V = 5, plus I + I = 2).[↗](../../vii/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* It is used in names of kings, queens and popes, like Henry VII, said «Henry the Seventh».[↗](../../vii/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* VII means seven.[↗](../../vii/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Henry VII was the first Tudor king of England.[↗](../../vii/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The clock shows VII instead of 7.[↗](../../vii/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Chapter VII begins with a storm.[↗](../../vii/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · V plus II makes VII.[↗](../../vii/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Edward VII was king after Queen Victoria.[↗](../../vii/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Write 7 in Roman numerals: VII.[↗](../../vii/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **viii** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The Roman numeral for 8.[↗](../../viii/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Henry VIII had six wives.[↗](../../viii/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The clock showed VIII for eight o'clock.[↗](../../viii/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn to chapter VIII.[↗](../../viii/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · VIII is five plus three.[↗](../../viii/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Pope Urban VIII lived long ago.[↗](../../viii/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Write 8 in Roman numerals: VIII.[↗](../../viii/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **viking** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* The Vikings were seafaring people from Scandinavia (now Norway, Denmark and Sweden) who long ago sailed far in longships to raid, trade, explore and settle.[↗](../../viking/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Viking means of or about the Vikings: «a Viking longship».[↗](../../viking/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The Vikings sailed across the sea in longships.[↗](../../viking/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Viking raiders attacked the monastery.[↗](../../viking/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The Vikings founded the city of Dublin.[↗](../../viking/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Thursday is named after the Viking god Thor.[↗](../../viking/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Many Vikings were farmers and traders.[↗](../../viking/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We wrote our names in Viking runes.[↗](../../viking/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Viking explorers reached North America long before Columbus.[↗](../../viking/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · The Viking had landed with his men.[↗](../../viking/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **vile** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vile means very nasty, disgusting or bad.[↗](../../vile/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (old use) Vile can mean of low worth or mean.[↗](../../vile/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The vile smell came from the bin.[↗](../../vile/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The lion was angry with the vile gnat.[↗](../../vile/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The thief was a vile man who stole from the poor.[↗](../../vile/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is a vile thing; it shall not be accepted.[↗](../../vile/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.19.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vile/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · They have roused Me to jealousy with a no-god; they have provoked Me with their vanities; and I will rouse them to jealousy with a no-people; I will provoke them with a vile nation.[↗](../../vile/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah DEU.32.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vile/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be noble.[↗](../../vile/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.32.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vile/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · And I will cast detestable things upon thee, and make thee vile, and will make thee as dung.[↗](../../vile/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets NAM.3.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vile/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Thus saith the Lord GOD: Woe unto the vile prophets, that follow their own spirit, and things which they have not seen\![↗](../../vile/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets EZK.13.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vile/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") **vilely** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* In a very bad, shameful or disgusting way.[↗](../../vilely/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A righteous man hateth lying; but a wicked man behaveth vilely and shamefully.[↗](../../vilely/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.13.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vilely/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew nor rain upon you, neither fields of choice fruits; for there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.[↗](../../vilely/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2SA.1.21, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vilely/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") **vileness** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Being very bad, wicked or shameful.[↗](../../vileness/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The wicked walk on every side, when vileness is exalted among the sons of men.[↗](../../vileness/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.12.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vileness/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") **villa** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A villa is a large, comfortable house, often with a garden, in the country or by the sea, especially in a warm place.[↗](../../villa/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In history, a Roman villa was a big country house and farm owned by a rich Roman family.[↗](../../villa/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a villa can be a house of a certain old style in a town.[↗](../../villa/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We stayed in a villa with a swimming pool.[↗](../../villa/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Roman villa had a beautiful mosaic floor.[↗](../../villa/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Rich Romans lived in villas in the countryside.[↗](../../villa/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The villa looked out over the sea.[↗](../../villa/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Archaeologists found the remains of a villa under the field.[↗](../../villa/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Our holiday villa had a lemon tree in the garden.[↗](../../villa/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **village** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A village is a small group of houses and people in the country, smaller than a town.[↗](../../village/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The village can also mean all the people who live there.[↗](../../village/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A «global village» means the whole world feels close because people can talk across it.[↗](../../village/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The village has 85 houses.[↗](../../village/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · 320 people live in the village.[↗](../../village/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The next village is 7 km away.[↗](../../village/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Two villages have 150 and 230 people.[↗](../../village/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma lives in a quiet village by the river.[↗](../../village/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The whole village came to the summer fair.[↗](../../village/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The village shop sells bread, milk and stamps.[↗](../../village/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · In the story, a dragon flew over the sleeping village.[↗](../../village/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · Many villages in the valley have fewer than 500 people.[↗](../../village/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · In the village all were still asleep.[↗](../../village/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the villages thereof, and called them Havvoth-jair.[↗](../../village/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.32.41, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And Nobah went and took Kenath, and the villages thereof, and called it Nobah, after his own name.[↗](../../village/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.32.42, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · these are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their nations.[↗](../../village/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.25.16, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · Ekron, with its towns and its villages; (Prophets JOS.15.45, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages.[↗](../../village/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JOS.15.57, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · and Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities with their villages: (Prophets JOS.19.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../village/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") **villager** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A villager is a person who lives in a village, a small group of houses in the countryside.[↗](../../villager/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The villagers gathered in the square to hear the news.[↗](../../villager/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Every villager helped to build the new bridge.[↗](../../villager/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · In the story, the villagers were afraid of the dragon.[↗](../../villager/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The villagers sold eggs and honey at the market.[↗](../../villager/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · 120 villagers share 4 wells equally, so 30 villagers use each well.[↗](../../villager/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · A friendly villager showed us the way.[↗](../../villager/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · His cries for help soon brought the villagers running.[↗](../../villager/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **villain** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A villain is a bad character in a story, play or film who does evil things and fights against the hero.[↗](../../villain/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A person who does wrong or harmful things; a criminal.[↗](../../villain/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The villain wanted to steal the crown.[↗](../../villain/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Every good story needs a hero and a villain.[↗](../../villain/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The villain laughed an evil laugh.[↗](../../villain/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Describe your villain using strong adjectives.[↗](../../villain/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The police caught the villain.[↗](../../villain/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · In the pantomime, everyone boos the villain.[↗](../../villain/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · "Villain!" shouted all the Pygmies at once.[↗](../../villain/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") **villainous** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Villainous means very wicked, like a villain in a story; looking like a crook.[↗](../../villainous/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The villainous wolf crept towards the cottage.[↗](../../villainous/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The pirates had villainous faces.[↗](../../villainous/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A villainous song rang out from the ship.[↗](../../villainous/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **villainy** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Wicked or evil behaviour.[↗](../../villainy/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") **vindicated** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Shown to be right after other people doubted you or blamed you.[↗](../../vindicated/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Cleared of blame or suspicion, so that people now know you did nothing wrong.[↗](../../vindicated/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (adjective) Feeling happy and proud because you have been proved right.[↗](../../vindicated/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* When the lost money was found, Tom was vindicated.[↗](../../vindicated/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The scientist was vindicated when the experiment worked.[↗](../../vindicated/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She felt vindicated when the answer turned out to be the one she had said.[↗](../../vindicated/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The new evidence vindicated the man who was wrongly accused.[↗](../../vindicated/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Our team's plan was vindicated when we won the match.[↗](../../vindicated/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Everyone laughed at his idea, but he was vindicated in the end.[↗](../../vindicated/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") **vindictive** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vindictive means wanting to get back at someone and hurt them for a wrong done to you.[↗](../../vindictive/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The vindictive witch cursed the prince.[↗](../../vindictive/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Her father spoke with a vindictive smile.[↗](../../vindictive/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't be vindictive; forgive him.[↗](../../vindictive/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") **vine** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vine is a plant with a long, thin, bendy stem that climbs up walls, fences or trees, or spreads along the ground.[↗](../../vine/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A grapevine, the plant that grapes grow on.[↗](../../vine/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In the jungle, a vine is a long hanging plant stem that animals (and people in stories) can swing on.[↗](../../vine/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ivy is a vine that climbs up the old brick wall.[↗](../../vine/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Grapes grow in bunches on a vine.[↗](../../vine/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Pumpkins grow on long vines that spread across the ground.[↗](../../vine/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The monkey swung from one vine to the next.[↗](../../vine/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Bean vines curl around the poles in our garden.[↗](../../vine/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Vines use thin curly tendrils to hold on.[↗](../../vine/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't pull the vine, or the whole plant may come down.[↗](../../vine/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · I heard on the grapevine that we're getting a new teacher.[↗](../../vine/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · The field was full of vines heavy with grapes.[↗](../../vine/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine by a fountain; its branches run over the wall.[↗](../../vine/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.49.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig-trees and pomegranates; a land of olive-trees and honey; (Torah DEU.8.8, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him: 'In my dream, behold, a vine was before me; (Torah GEN.40.9, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycamore-trees with frost.[↗](../../vine/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.78.47, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · The new wine faileth, the vine fadeth; all the merry-hearted do sigh.[↗](../../vine/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.24.7, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Smiting upon the breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine; (Prophets ISA.32.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vine/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") **vinegar** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vinegar is a sour liquid made from wine, cider or malt, used to flavour food, to keep food (pickles) and for cleaning.[↗](../../vinegar/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* I like salt and vinegar on my chips.[↗](../../vinegar/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Vinegar tastes sour.[↗](../../vinegar/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Mix vinegar and baking soda to make a fizzing volcano.[↗](../../vinegar/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Vinegar is an acid.[↗](../../vinegar/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Gherkins are kept in vinegar.[↗](../../vinegar/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Grandma cleans the windows with vinegar.[↗](../../vinegar/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Turn the litmus paper red with vinegar.[↗](../../vinegar/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Fred, I must pour out the vinegar, it is so heavy."[↗](../../vinegar/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · he shall abstain from wine and strong drink: he shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.[↗](../../vinegar/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.6.3, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vinegar/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · Yea, they put poison into my food; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.[↗](../../vinegar/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.69.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vinegar/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him.[↗](../../vinegar/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.10.26, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vinegar/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart.[↗](../../vinegar/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PRO.25.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vinegar/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/) … [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/V/page/10/) **11** 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