---
title: V — The English dictionary with trees and pragmatics · page 8
description: The 307 words of the English dictionary under V, every meaning for a pupil and every example with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# V — The English dictionary · page 8

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**verse** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Verse is writing in the form of poetry, with lines and often rhythm and rhyme.[↗](../../verse/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A verse is a group of lines in a poem or song (a stanza), often followed by a chorus.[↗](../../verse/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* (Bible) A verse is one short numbered part of a chapter in the Bible or other holy book.[↗](../../verse/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* We sang the first verse and then the chorus.[↗](../../verse/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The poem has four verses.[↗](../../verse/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Shakespeare wrote many plays in verse.[↗](../../verse/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Our teacher asked us to find a Bible verse about kindness.[↗](../../verse/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The verse John 3:16 is famous among Christians.[↗](../../verse/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · She can quote chapter and verse from the rule book.[↗](../../verse/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Free verse is poetry without rhyme.[↗](../../verse/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · In reply the Lion spoke the second verse:[↗](../../verse/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · This is verse 4 of Psalm civ.[↗](../../verse/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../verse/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · SY 2:1, 3:1, so it is interesting that in this verse the tongue is rather portrayed as one of two binary poles.[↗](../../verse/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)[↗](../../verse/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · All the other commentaries mentioned above, together with all quotations of other expounders of the same book, contain nothing but a medley of arbitrary, mystical explanations and sophistical distortions of scriptural verses, astrological notions, oriental (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)[↗](../../verse/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**version** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A version is one form of something that is a little different from other forms of it: «a new version of the game».[↗](../../version/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A version is one person's account or description of what happened: «his version of events».[↗](../../version/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A version is a story, song or film told or made again in a different way: «a modern version of Cinderella».[↗](../../version/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The new version of the app has more levels.[↗](../../version/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Tell me your version of what happened.[↗](../../version/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We read a funny version of «The Three Little Pigs».[↗](../../version/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · I prefer the book to the film version.[↗](../../version/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Update to the latest version.[↗](../../version/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Each witness gave a different version.[↗](../../version/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Write your own version of the poem.[↗](../../version/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · \[10\] There are various versions of this myth.[↗](../../version/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · A Version, Constantinople, 17 19, 8vo.[↗](../../version/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../version/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · A Version with the commentary of Rabbi Abraham (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../version/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · A Version with preface by M. ben J. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../version/#x11 "tree and pragmatics")

**verso** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* The back side of a page or leaf in a book; the left-hand page.[↗](../../verso/#m1 "tree and pragmatics")

**verst** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A verst is an old Russian measure of distance, a little more than a kilometre.[↗](../../verst/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* They walked and walked for several versts, then they grew tired.[↗](../../verst/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · They built a bridge five versts long.[↗](../../verst/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**vertebra** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vertebra is one of the small bones that are linked together to make the backbone (spine).[↗](../../vertebra/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The vertebrae protect the spinal cord, the bundle of nerves that carries messages between the brain and the body.[↗](../../vertebra/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The spine is made of many small bones, each called a vertebra.[↗](../../vertebra/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · A giraffe has seven vertebrae in its neck — the same number as a human.[↗](../../vertebra/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The doctor said he had cracked a vertebra in the fall.[↗](../../vertebra/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Snakes have hundreds of vertebrae.[↗](../../vertebra/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Fish are vertebrates because they have a backbone of vertebrae.[↗](../../vertebra/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · We felt the bumps of our vertebrae down our backs.[↗](../../vertebra/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**vertebrate** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* An animal that has a backbone (a spine), like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.[↗](../../vertebrate/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A dog is a vertebrate because it has a backbone.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Fish, birds and frogs are all vertebrates.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Humans are vertebrates.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A snail is not a vertebrate.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Sort these animals into vertebrates and invertebrates.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Snakes are vertebrates with lots of bones in their spine.[↗](../../vertebrate/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**vertical** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vertical means going straight up and down, at a right angle to the flat ground, like a wall or a flagpole.[↗](../../vertical/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* The vertical is a straight up-and-down line or direction.[↗](../../vertical/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* In business (formal), a vertical is one kind of industry or market.[↗](../../vertical/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Draw a vertical line down the middle of the page.[↗](../../vertical/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The flagpole is vertical.[↗](../../vertical/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The y-axis on the graph is vertical.[↗](../../vertical/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The climber went up a vertical cliff.[↗](../../vertical/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The letter T has one vertical line and one horizontal line.[↗](../../vertical/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · My vertical jump is 40 centimetres.[↗](../../vertical/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**vertically** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In an up-and-down direction, straight up, at a right angle to the ground.[↗](../../vertically/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Write the sum vertically, with the tens under the tens.[↗](../../vertically/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The rocket rose vertically into the sky.[↗](../../vertically/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · Fold the paper vertically down the middle.[↗](../../vertically/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The y-axis goes vertically on a graph.[↗](../../vertically/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Rain fell vertically on the still day.[↗](../../vertically/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Hang the poster vertically, not sideways.[↗](../../vertically/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · (joking) He's a bit vertically challenged — he can't reach the top shelf.[↗](../../vertically/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**vertigo** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Vertigo is a dizzy feeling, as if the world is spinning or you might fall, often when you look down from a high place.[↗](../../vertigo/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* And now Vertigo was to seize Rudy.[↗](../../vertigo/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · «Seize him, indeed,» cried Vertigo; «I cannot do it.»[↗](../../vertigo/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**vervet** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vervet is a small African monkey with a grey-green or silvery coat, a black face fringed with white fur and a long tail.[↗](../../vervet/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Vervets live in groups in the savannas and woodlands of eastern and southern Africa.[↗](../../vervet/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* A vervet monkey leapt onto the safari truck.[↗](../../vervet/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Vervets have black faces with white fur around them.[↗](../../vervet/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · When a vervet sees an eagle, it gives a special call and everyone looks up.[↗](../../vervet/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A troop of vervets raided the campsite for bananas.[↗](../../vervet/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Baby vervets cling to their mothers' tummies.[↗](../../vervet/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Vervets eat fruit, leaves, seeds and insects.[↗](../../vervet/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Don't feed the vervets, or they will steal your lunch\![↗](../../vervet/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**very** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* Very makes a word stronger.[↗](../../very/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") Very big means more than just big.[↗](../../very/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* As an adjective, very means exactly or just this one: the very same book, at the very top.[↗](../../very/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* Not very means only a little: not very cold.[↗](../../very/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* It was a very hot day.[↗](../../very/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The very first step is to count.[↗](../../very/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · She was very happy with 10 stickers.[↗](../../very/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · A very long rope is 40 m.[↗](../../very/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Thank you very much\![↗](../../very/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · I live at the very end of the street.[↗](../../very/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The film was not very scary.[↗](../../very/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · That is the very book I was looking for.[↗](../../very/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · It is very important to wear a seatbelt.[↗](../../very/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · “It is a very stupid story\![↗](../../very/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.[↗](../../very/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.4.5, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.[↗](../../very/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.13.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son.[↗](../../very/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.21.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · And there was very great gladness.[↗](../../very/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings NEH.8.17, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") · Yea, very few, and sojourners in it, (Writings PSA.105.12, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x15 "tree and pragmatics") · Even very dark, and no brightness in it?[↗](../../very/#x16 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets AMO.5.20, JPS 1917)[↗](../../very/#x16 "tree and pragmatics")

**vesica** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A Latin word for the bladder, the bag in the body that holds urine.[↗](../../vesica/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Postellus then gives, " intestina, vesica, arterise ", the intestines, bladder and arteries; Rittangelius gives the same.[↗](../../vesica/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)[↗](../../vesica/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**vessel** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A ship or large boat.[↗](../../vessel/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* A container for liquids, like a cup, bowl, jug or barrel (old-fashioned or formal).[↗](../../vessel/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A tube that carries blood around the body: a blood vessel (arteries, veins and capillaries).[↗](../../vessel/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 4:* A tube that carries water and food in a plant.[↗](../../vessel/#m4 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The fishing vessel came back to the harbour full of fish.[↗](../../vessel/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Blood vessels carry blood all around your body.[↗](../../vessel/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · A bruise happens when tiny blood vessels break under the skin.[↗](../../vessel/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The museum has ancient clay vessels for oil and wine.[↗](../../vessel/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The captain steered the vessel through the storm.[↗](../../vessel/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart.[↗](../../vessel/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · Plants have vessels that carry water from the roots to the leaves.[↗](../../vessel/#x7 "tree and pragmatics") · Meanwhile the young man’s vessel reached home in safety.[↗](../../vessel/#x8 "tree and pragmatics") · the table, all the vessels thereof, and the showbread; (Torah EXO.39.36, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x9 "tree and pragmatics") · the table, and its staves, and all its vessels, and the showbread; (Torah EXO.35.13, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x10 "tree and pragmatics") · And every open vessel, which hath no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean.[↗](../../vessel/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah NUM.19.15, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x11 "tree and pragmatics") · Is he a vessel wherein is no pleasure?[↗](../../vessel/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets JER.22.28, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x12 "tree and pragmatics") · All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred.[↗](../../vessel/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings EZR.1.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x13 "tree and pragmatics") · That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters\![↗](../../vessel/#x14 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets ISA.18.2, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vessel/#x14 "tree and pragmatics")

**vest** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of underwear without sleeves worn under a shirt (in the USA called an "undershirt" or "tank top").[↗](../../vest/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In the USA and Canada, a sleeveless jacket worn over a shirt (in the UK called a "waistcoat").[↗](../../vest/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 3:* A special sleeveless top that protects you or makes you easy to see.[↗](../../vest/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *e.g.* "a life vest", "a high-visibility vest".[↗](../../vest/#m3 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Put on a vest; it is cold today.[↗](../../vest/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Everyone wears a life vest in the canoe.[↗](../../vest/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · We wore bright yellow vests on the school trip.[↗](../../vest/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · He wore a smart vest over his shirt at the wedding.[↗](../../vest/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · The red team wear red vests.[↗](../../vest/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Police officers wear protective vests.[↗](../../vest/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · He then went to the dead magician, took the lamp out of his vest, and bade the genie carry the palace and all in it back to China.[↗](../../vest/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestal** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vestal, or Vestal Virgin, was a priestess in ancient Rome who kept the sacred fire of the goddess Vesta burning.[↗](../../vestal/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* Vestal means pure, chaste, as of a maiden who has given herself to a holy duty.[↗](../../vestal/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* On her altar burned the never-ceasing fire, which was tended by her priestesses, the Vestal Virgins.[↗](../../vestal/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The priestesses of Vesta, called Vestales or Vestal Virgins, played a conspicuous part in these festivals.[↗](../../vestal/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestibule** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vestibule is a small hall or porch just inside the front door of a building, before you reach the main rooms.[↗](../../vestibule/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* The gate was shut, but in front of it was an open vestibule with a sofa on either side.[↗](../../vestibule/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · The Pig ran off with him through the open vestibule.[↗](../../vestibule/#x2 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestige** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vestige is a small part or trace that is left of something that used to be bigger or used to exist: «the last vestiges of the castle».[↗](../../vestige/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* In science, a vestigial body part is one that has lost most of its old use, like the tiny leg bones inside some whales.[↗](../../vestige/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Only a vestige of the Roman wall is left in the town.[↗](../../vestige/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · There was not a vestige of food left after the party.[↗](../../vestige/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The human tailbone is a vestige of a tail our distant ancestors had.[↗](../../vestige/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The last vestiges of snow melted in April.[↗](../../vestige/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Some whales have vestiges of back-leg bones inside their bodies.[↗](../../vestige/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · The custom is a vestige of an old harvest festival.[↗](../../vestige/#x6 "tree and pragmatics") · The Argo was consecrated to Poseidon, and was carefully preserved for many generations till no vestige of it remained, when it was placed in the heavens as a brilliant constellation.[↗](../../vestige/#x7 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestigial** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* (science) Describing a part of a body that is still there but has become small or useless over a very long time, such as the tiny leg bones inside some snakes.[↗](../../vestigial/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Everyday, meaning 2:* (formal) Remaining as a small trace or bit of something that used to be bigger or more important.[↗](../../vestigial/#m2 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Ostriches have vestigial wings that cannot lift them into the air.[↗](../../vestigial/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · Whales have small vestigial leg bones inside their bodies.[↗](../../vestigial/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · The human tailbone is often called a vestigial part.[↗](../../vestigial/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · The kiwi has tiny vestigial wings hidden under its feathers.[↗](../../vestigial/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · Scientists study vestigial organs to learn how animals changed.[↗](../../vestigial/#x5 "tree and pragmatics") · Only a vestigial bit of the old castle wall is left.[↗](../../vestigial/#x6 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestment** — *Everyday, meaning 1:* A vestment is a long robe or piece of clothing worn by a priest or other church person during a religious service or ceremony.[↗](../../vestment/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* In ancient times the priests were distinguished by their sacerdotal vestments, and by their piety and wisdom.[↗](../../vestment/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · And he shall bathe his flesh in water in a holy place and put on his other vestments, and come forth, and offer his burnt-offering and the burnt-offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people.[↗](../../vestment/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah LEV.16.24, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vestment/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · And he said unto him that was over the vestry: 'Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal.'[↗](../../vestment/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") And he brought them forth vestments.[↗](../../vestment/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2KI.10.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vestment/#x3 "tree and pragmatics")

**vestry** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* A room in a church or temple where robes are kept.[↗](../../vestry/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* And he said unto him that was over the vestry: 'Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal.'[↗](../../vestry/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") And he brought them forth vestments.[↗](../../vestry/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") (Prophets 2KI.10.22, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vestry/#x1 "tree and pragmatics")

**vesture** — *In Jewish tradition, meaning 1:* Clothing or a robe; garments.[↗](../../vesture/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") It is an old word.[↗](../../vesture/#m1 "tree and pragmatics") *Example:* Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washeth his garments in wine, and his vesture in the blood of grapes; (Torah GEN.49.11, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vesture/#x1 "tree and pragmatics") · And Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck.[↗](../../vesture/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") (Torah GEN.41.42, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vesture/#x2 "tree and pragmatics") · They part my garments among them, and for my vesture do they cast lots.[↗](../../vesture/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.22.19, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vesture/#x3 "tree and pragmatics") · Thou didst cover it with the deep as with a vesture; the waters stood above the mountains.[↗](../../vesture/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") (Writings PSA.104.6, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vesture/#x4 "tree and pragmatics") · They shall perish, but Thou shalt endure; yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt Thou change them, and they shall pass away; (Writings PSA.102.27, JPS 1917)[↗](../../vesture/#x5 "tree and pragmatics")

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