---
title: wold — English dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wold» in the English dictionary: A wide, open stretch of high, bare land with few trees, as on a hill country. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# wold

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** They, Sheep, wind, woods, scent, Curdken · **What happens:** hunt, graze, blow, draw, blank, not lie · **To what, where:** wide open stretch, wold, downs, hat, Curdken, o’er field

<!-- .vabout -->
«wold» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wold in the English dictionary](https://dictionary.elamur.ai/free/en/english/wold/).

## Everyday, meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wide, open stretch of high, bare land with few trees, as on a hill country.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:m1:1
# text = A wide, open stretch of high, bare land with few trees, as on a hill country.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Early Modern English, meaning 1 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wide, open stretch of high, bare land with few trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:m2:1
# text = A wide, open stretch of high, bare land with few trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hunted by field, and they hunted by wold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x1:1
# text = They hunted by field, and they hunted by wold.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past | They |  |  |  |  | by field | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by field=Location |
| 2 | **hunt** | past | they |  |  |  |  | by wold | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by wold=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sheep grazed on the wold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x2:1
# text = Sheep grazed on the wold.
1	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past | Sheep |  |  |  |  | on the wold | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on wold=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind blew across the wold all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x3:1
# text = The wind blew across the wold all day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the wind |  |  | the wold | day |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hunted by field, and they hunted by wold; they drew the woods blank, and the scent didn't lie on the downs at all.

<!-- .note -->
From The Book of Dragons.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x4:1
# text = They hunted by field, and they hunted by wold; they drew the woods blank, and the scent didn't lie on the downs at all.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	blank	blank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	scent	scent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	downs	down	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | past | They |  |  |  |  | by field | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by field=Location |
| 2 | **hunt** | past | they |  |  |  |  | by wold | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by wold=Location |
| 3 | **draw** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **blank** | present | the woods |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **lie** | past · do-support | the scent |  |  | the downs at all |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on down=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Wind, wind, gently sway, Blow Curdken’s hat away; Let him chase o’er field and wold Till my locks of ruddy gold, Now astray and hanging down, Be combed and plaited in a crown.”

<!-- .note -->
From The Blue Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x5:1
# text = “Wind, wind, gently sway, Blow Curdken’s hat away; Let him chase o’er field and wold Till my locks of ruddy gold, Now astray and hanging down, Be combed and plaited in a crown.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	sway	sway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	Blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	Curdken	Curdken	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	o’er	o'	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	Till	till	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	30	advmod	_	_
30	astray	astray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	conj	_	_
33	down	down	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	combed	comb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	plaited	plait	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	conj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** *in a quote* | infinitive | Wind and wind and sway | Curdken's hat |  |  |  | away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent hat=Patient |
| 2 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* | Curdken |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **chase** *in a quote* | infinitive | Curdken *not said here* | o’er field and wold |  |  | till my locks of ruddy gold |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme |
| 4 | **hang down** *in a quote* | gerund | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **comb** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V» |
| 6 | **plait** *in a quote* | participle | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* |  |  | a crown |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Wind, wind, gently sway, Blow Curdken’s hat away; Let him chase o’er field and wold Till my locks of ruddy gold Now astray and hanging down, Be combed and plaited in a crown.”

<!-- .note -->
From The Blue Fairy Book.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:english:wold:x6:1
# text = “Wind, wind, gently sway, Blow Curdken’s hat away; Let him chase o’er field and wold Till my locks of ruddy gold Now astray and hanging down, Be combed and plaited in a crown.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	sway	sway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	Curdken	Curdken	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	o’er	o'	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	wold	wold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	Till	till	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	_
29	astray	astray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	conj	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	combed	comb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	plaited	plait	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** *in a quote* | infinitive | Wind and wind and sway | Curdken's hat |  |  |  | away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent hat=Patient |
| 2 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* | Curdken |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **chase** *in a quote* | infinitive | Curdken *not said here* | o’er field and wold |  |  | till my locks of ruddy gold |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme |
| 4 | **hang down** *in a quote* | gerund | Curdken *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **comb** *in a quote* | infinitive · passive | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V» |
| 6 | **plait** *in a quote* | participle | Wind and wind and sway *not said here* |  |  | a crown |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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