---
title: abacus — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abacus» in the Judaism dictionary: An abacus is a frame with rows of beads that slide along wires or rods, used for counting and doing sums. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abacus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** abacus, beads, Pythagoreans, earliest abacus, my, We · **What happens:** be, slide, use, do, accord, originate · **To what, where:** frame, wires, sums, flat slab, buildings, strokes

<!-- .vabout -->
«abacus» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abacus in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/abacus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An abacus is a frame with rows of beads that slide along wires or rods, used for counting and doing sums.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:m1:1
# text = An abacus is a frame with rows of beads that slide along wires or rods, used for counting and doing sums.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	slide	slide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	along	along	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rods	rod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	counting	counting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
22	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abacus | a frame |  |  |  | with rows of beads | tree rules |
| 2 | **slide** | present | beads |  |  | wires or rods |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along wire=Trajectory |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | wires or rods *not said here* |  |  |  | for counting | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | gerund |  | sums |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In buildings, an abacus is the flat slab on top of a column (architecture word).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:m2:1
# text = In buildings, an abacus is the flat slab on top of a column (architecture word).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	slab	slab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	architecture	architecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a abacus | the flat slab |  | buildings |  | on top of a column | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
')) Some Pythagoreans used the strokes with the principle of \|iosi- tion without a zero in the columns of an abacus i Ur. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ')) Some Pythagoreans used the strokes with the principle of \|iosi- tion without a zero in the columns of an abacus i Ur.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x1:1
# text = ')) Some Pythagoreans used the strokes with the principle of |iosi- tion without a zero in the columns of an abacus i Ur.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	))	))	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	Pythagoreans	Pythagorean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	strokes	stroke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	|	|	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	iosi	iosi	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	_
15	tion	tion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	zero	zero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	Ur	Ur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | some Pythagoreans | the strokes |  |  |  | with the principle of tion; without a zero in the columns of a abacus | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stroke=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In my opinion, the sexagesimal position originated from the decimal position, and not the reverse ; for the earliest abacus, which was doubtless based on a decimal position, is older than the (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 43 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x2:1
# text = In my opinion, the sexagesimal position originated from the decimal position, and not the reverse ; for the earliest abacus, which was doubtless based on a decimal position, is older than the (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sexagesimal	sexagesimal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	originated	originate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	decimal	decimal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	reverse	reverse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	doubtless	doubtless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
27	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	decimal	decimal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
35	than	than	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
46	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	48	case	_	_
47	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	fixed	_	_
48	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
49	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	_
50	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	41	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	41	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **originate** | participle |  | the sexagesimal position *not said here* |  | the decimal position |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the earliest abacus |  |  |  |  | doubtless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **base** | participle |  |  |  | a decimal position |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on position=Source |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  | my opinion and the sexagesimal position and the reverse and the earliest abacus |  | than the Mordell; old *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **opine** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We used an abacus to add 27 and 15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x3:1
# text = We used an abacus to add 27 and 15.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	27	27	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | We | a abacus |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abacus=Patient |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | 27 |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 27=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the abacus, the top row shows hundreds and the bottom row shows ones.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x4:1
# text = On the abacus, the top row shows hundreds and the bottom row shows ones.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	bottom	bottom	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the top row | hundreds |  | the abacus |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hundred=Recipient |
| 2 | **show** | present | the bottom row | ones |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some children in Japan learn very fast mental maths with a soroban abacus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x5:1
# text = Some children in Japan learn very fast mental maths with a soroban abacus.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	soroban	soroban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | some children in Japan | mental maths |  |  |  | with a soroban abacus | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent math=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abacus was used long before calculators.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x6:1
# text = The abacus was used long before calculators.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	calculators	calculator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | the abacus |  |  | before calculators | long *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Move three beads to the left to add three.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x7:1
# text = Move three beads to the left to add three.
1	Move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | imperative | you *not said here* | three beads |  | the left |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent bead=Theme to left=Trajectory |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | three |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother counts the coloured beads on his toy abacus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abacus:x8:1
# text = My little brother counts the coloured beads on his toy abacus.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beads	bead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	abacus	abacus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | My little brother | the coloured beads |  | brother's toy abacus |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bead=Theme |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
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