---
title: ability — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ability» in the Judaism dictionary: Ability is the power or skill to do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ability

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ability, person, someone, It, that, they · **What happens:** be, do, mean, read, tend, use · **To what, where:** power, something, special talent, human ability, thousand pounds, treasury · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ability» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ability in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ability.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ability is the power or skill to do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:m1:1
# text = Ability is the power or skill to do something.
1	Ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ability | the power or skill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ability is a special talent, something a person is good at.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:m2:1
# text = An ability is a special talent, something a person is good at.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	appos	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ability | a special talent |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ability can also mean how well someone can do something, as in «reading ability».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:m3:1
# text = Ability can also mean how well someone can do something, as in «reading ability».
1	Ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Ability |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | can | someone | something |  |  |  | well *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It tends to be used of things that are marvelous, miraculous, or otherwise supernatural and extraordinary, i.e. that which defies the human ability to do or understand and must therefore be divine, e.g. \[Deuteronomy 28:59\], \[Psalm 118:23\], \[Psalm 139:6\]. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It tends to be used of things that are marvelous, miraculous, or otherwise supernatural and extraordinary, i.e. that which defies the human ability to do or understand and must therefore be divine, e.g. \[Deuteronomy 28:59\], \[Psalm 118:23\], \[Psalm 139:6\].

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x1:1
# text = It tends to be used of things that are marvelous, miraculous, or otherwise supernatural and extraordinary, i.e. that which defies the human ability to do or understand and must therefore be divine, e.g. [Deuteronomy 28:59], [Psalm 118:23], [Psalm 139:6].
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tends	tend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	marvelous	marvelous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	miraculous	miraculous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	supernatural	supernatural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	extraordinary	extraordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	10	parataxis	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	defies	defy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
35	divine	divine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	e.g.	e.g.	ADV	FW	_	35	conj	_	_
38	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	Deuteronomy	Deuteronomy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	_
40	28:59	28:59	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	39	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	Psalm	Psalm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
45	118:23	118:23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	Psalm	Psalm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	parataxis	_	_
50	139:6	139:6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	49	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tend** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of things | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | marvelous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **defy** | present |  | the human ability |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | the human ability *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **understand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 9 | **is** | must |  |  |  |  |  | divine, therefore *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
they gave after their ability into the treasury of the work threescore and one thousand darics of gold, and five thousand pounds of silver, and one hundred priests' tunics. (Writings EZR.2.69, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* they gave after their ability into the treasury of the work threescore and one thousand darics of gold, and five thousand pounds of silver, and one hundred priests' tunics.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x2:1
# text = they gave after their ability into the treasury of the work threescore and one thousand darics of gold, and five thousand pounds of silver, and one hundred priests' tunics.
1	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	treasury	treasury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	threescore	threescore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	compound	_	_
15	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	darics	daric	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	compound	_	_
22	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	compound	_	_
29	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	'	's	PART	POS	_	30	case	_	_
32	tunics	tunic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | they | thousand pounds of silver |  | the treasury of the work threescore and thousand darics of gold | after their ability | hundred priests's tunics *obl* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EZR.2.69, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x2:2
# text = (Writings EZR.2.69, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZR.2.69	EZR.2.69	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats have the ability to find their way in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x3:1
# text = Bats have the ability to find their way in the dark.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Bats | the ability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Bats *not said here* | Bats's way |  | the dark |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a great ability to make people laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x4:1
# text = She has a great ability to make people laugh.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a great ability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **laugh** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do the test to the best of your ability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x5:1
# text = Do the test to the best of your ability.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	1	parataxis	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | the test |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability to swim can save your life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x6:1
# text = The ability to swim can save your life.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | to-infinitive | the ability *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | can | the ability | your life |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each superhero has a different special ability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x7:1
# text = Each superhero has a different special ability.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	superhero	superhero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each superhero | a different special ability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practice will improve your reading ability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x8:1
# text = Practice will improve your reading ability.
1	Practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | future | Practice | your reading ability |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chameleons have the ability to change colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x9:1
# text = Chameleons have the ability to change colour.
1	Chameleons	chameleon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Chameleons | the ability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | Chameleons *not said here* | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grateful for these favours, the animals determined to repay him to the best of their ability.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ability:x10:1
# text = Grateful for these favours, the animals determined to repay him to the best of their ability.
1	Grateful	grateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	favours	favour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
8	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	repay	repay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | participle |  | the animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **repay** | to-infinitive |  |  | him *= he* |  |  | to the best | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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