---
title: above — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «above» in the Judaism dictionary: Above means higher than something. The sky is above the ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# above

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sky, he, Moses, that, Levites, beloved · **What happens:** mean, be, see, do, honour, make · **To what, where:** ground, more, picture, all, something, he · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«above» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 16 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [above in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/above.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above means higher than something. The sky is above the ground.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Above means higher than something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m1:1
# text = Above means higher than something.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | above, high *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The sky is above the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m1:2
# text = The sky is above the ground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the sky |  |  | the ground |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above also means more than a number or level: above 10, above zero, above average.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m2:1
# text = Above also means more than a number or level: above 10, above zero, above average.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | more |  |  |  | above *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a book, above means earlier on the page: see the picture above.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m3:1
# text = In a book, above means earlier on the page: see the picture above.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	above	above	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | on the page; in a book; early *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in book=Attribute |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive |  | the picture |  |  |  | above *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above all means most importantly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m4:1
# text = Above all means most importantly.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	importantly	importantly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | all |  | importantly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above can also mean too proud or too good to do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:m5:1
# text = Above can also mean too proud or too good to do something.
1	Above	above	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | above *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he was honoured above all the house of his father. (Torah GEN.34.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he was honoured above all the house of his father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x1:1
# text = And he was honoured above all the house of his father.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	honoured	honour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **honour** | past · passive |  | he |  | all house of his father |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.34.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.34.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.34.19	GEN.34.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sealskins above. (Torah EXO.36.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sealskins above.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x2:1
# text = And he made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sealskins above.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	rams	ram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	dyed	dye	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	sealskins	sealskin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	above	above	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | he | a covering |  |  |  | for the tent of rams's skins; a covering of sealskins *obl*; above *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent covering=Product for tent=Asset |
| 2 | **dye** | participle |  | rams's skins *not said here* |  |  |  | red *property* | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.36.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.36.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.36.19	EXO.36.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses took the redemption-money from them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites; (Torah NUM.3.49, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x3:1
# text = And Moses took the redemption-money from them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites; (Torah NUM.3.49, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	redemption	redemption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	redeemed	redeem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Levites	Levite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	NUM.3.49	NUM.3.49	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Moses | the redemption money |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | from them *= they*; over *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **redeem** | past · passive | the Levites | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand. (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x4:1
# text = 'My beloved is white and ruddy, pre-eminent above ten thousand.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	beloved	beloved	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ruddy	ruddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	pre-eminent	pre-eminent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	above	above	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My beloved |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | My beloved *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | My beloved *not said here* | ten thousand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x4:2
# text = (Writings SNG.5.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.5.10	SNG.5.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore I love Thy commandments above gold, yea, above fine gold. (Writings PSA.119.127, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Therefore I love Thy commandments above gold, yea, above fine gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x5:1
# text = Therefore I love Thy commandments above gold, yea, above fine gold.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | I | Thy commandments |  | gold |  | therefore *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer commandment=Stimulus |
| 2 | **command** |  | Thy |  |  | gold |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent above=place |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.127, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.127, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.127	PSA.119.127	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His roots shall dry up beneath, and above shall his branch wither. (Writings JOB.18.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* His roots shall dry up beneath, and above shall his branch wither.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x6:1
# text = His roots shall dry up beneath, and above shall his branch wither.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	beneath	beneath	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
13	wither	wither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry up** | shall | His roots |  |  |  |  | beneath *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.18.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x6:2
# text = (Writings JOB.18.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.18.16	JOB.18.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature is 5 degrees above zero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x7:1
# text = The temperature is 5 degrees above zero.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the temperature | 5 degrees |  | zero |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many numbers above 20 are in the list?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x8:1
# text = How many numbers above 20 are in the list?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many numbers above 20 |  |  | the list |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She lives 3 floors above Tom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x9:1
# text = She lives 3 floors above Tom.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | She | 3 floors |  | Tom |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme floor=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird flew 12 m above the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x10:1
# text = The bird flew 12 m above the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the bird | 12 m |  | the tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent m=Theme above tree=Location |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town is 300 m above sea level.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x11:1
# text = The town is 300 m above sea level.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the town | 300 m |  | sea level |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hang the picture above the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x12:1
# text = Hang the picture above the bed.
1	Hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | imperative | you *not said here* | the picture |  | the bed |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme above bed=Destination |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at the table above to answer the question.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x13:1
# text = Look at the table above to answer the question.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	above	above	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the table; above *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at table=Theme |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the question |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Above all, be kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x14:1
# text = Above all, be kind.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | all |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His marks were above average.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x15:1
# text = His marks were above average.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His marks |  |  | average |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mark** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was above all that sort of thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:above:x16:1
# text = He was above all that sort of thing.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	above	above	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | all sort |  | of thing | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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