---
title: abstruse — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abstruse» in the Judaism dictionary: Hard to understand because it is deep or complicated. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abstruse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, Notes · **What happens:** understand, be, extend, hope, explain, illustrate · **To what, where:** Notes, it, difficult passages, abstruse treatise, treatise

<!-- .vabout -->
«abstruse» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abstruse in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/abstruse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard to understand because it is deep or complicated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abstruse:m1:1
# text = Hard to understand because it is deep or complicated.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	complicated	complicated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abstruse:x1:1
# text = The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	extended	extend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	hoped	hope	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	explain	explain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	passages	passage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	render	render	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	abstruse	abstruse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
26	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extend** | present · perfect · passive |  | the Notes |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hope** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Notes *= note* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **illustrate** | present | Notes *= note* *not said here* | difficult passages |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Destination |
| 5 | **render** | infinitive |  | this abstruse treatise |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Theme |
| 6 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | treatise |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abstruse:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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