---
title: abuse — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «abuse» in the Judaism dictionary: Using something wrongly or too much, so it does harm: drug abuse, abuse of power. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# abuse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, Rude insulting words, work, we, anyone, you · **What happens:** use, do, abuse, treat, shout, mean · **To what, where:** something, harm, power, person, abuse, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«abuse» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [abuse in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/abuse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using something wrongly or too much, so it does harm: drug abuse, abuse of power.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m1:1
# text = Using something wrongly or too much, so it does harm: drug abuse, abuse of power.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | wrongly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present | it | harm and drug abuse and abuse of power |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |
| 3 | **abuse** |  |  | power |  |  |  |  | nom abuse «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m2:1
# text = Cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal.
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** |  |  | a person or animal |  |  |  |  | nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rude, insulting words: shouting abuse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m3:1
# text = Rude, insulting words: shouting abuse.
1	Rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	insulting	insulting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Rude insulting words *not said here* | abuse |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To treat someone cruelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m4:1
# text = To treat someone cruelly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	treat	treat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	cruelly	cruelly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | to-infinitive |  |  | someone |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To use something badly or unfairly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m5:1
# text = To use something badly or unfairly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To abuse someone can also mean to insult them with rude words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:m6:1
# text = To abuse someone can also mean to insult them with rude words.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	abuse	abuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	insult	insult	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abuse** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **insult** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | with rude words | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x1:1
# text = Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	fixed	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	providing	provide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	resource	resource	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
20	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
23	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	commercial	commercial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	including	including	ADP	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
29	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
30	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	restrictions	restriction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	automated	automated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	querying	querying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this work |  |  |  |  | expensive, nevertheless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **provide** | gerund |  | this resource |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition resource=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | present · perfect | we | steps |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme |
| 5 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | abuse |  |  |  | by commercial parties | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer abuse=Theme |
| 6 | **place** | gerund | we *not said here* | technical restrictions |  | automated querying |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent restriction=Theme on querying=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If anyone hurts you, it is abuse; tell a trusted adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x2:1
# text = If anyone hurts you, it is abuse; tell a trusted adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | anyone | you |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | abuse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a trusted adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 4 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fans shouted abuse at the referee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x3:1
# text = The fans shouted abuse at the referee.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the fans | abuse |  | the referee |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animal abuse is a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x4:1
# text = Animal abuse is a crime.
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Animal abuse | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He abused his power as captain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x5:1
# text = He abused his power as captain.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	abused	abuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abuse** | past | He | his power |  |  |  | as captain | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't abuse the trust your friends give you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x6:1
# text = Don't abuse the trust your friends give you.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	abuse	abuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **abuse** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the trust |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trust=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | your friends | the trust *not said here* | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The website has a button to report abuse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x7:1
# text = The website has a button to report abuse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	report	report	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the website | a button |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient |
| 2 | **report** | to-infinitive | the website *not said here* | abuse |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Lion abused him as a traitor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:abuse:x8:1
# text = The Lion abused him as a traitor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abused	abuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abuse** | past | the Lion | him *= he* |  |  |  | as a traitor | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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