---
title: adversary — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «adversary» in the Judaism dictionary: An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# adversary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, hand, thou, adversaries, LORD · **What happens:** fight, compete, whet, take, render, recompense · **To what, where:** glittering sword, hold, judgment, vengeance, Mine adversaries, adversaries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«adversary» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [adversary in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/adversary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:m1:1
# text = An enemy or opponent; someone you fight or compete against.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	appos	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fight	fight	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	compete	compete	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **compete** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me. (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x1:1
# text = If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, and will recompense them that hate Me.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	whet	whet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	glittering	glittering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
19	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Mine	Mine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	recompense	recompense	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	appos	_	_
29	hate	hate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
30	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whet** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I | My glittering sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | My hand | hold |  | judgment |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hold=Theme on judgment=Destination |
| 3 | **render** | future | I | vengeance | Mine adversaries |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme to adversary=Recipient |
| 4 | **recompense** | future | I *not said here* | adversaries *= adversary* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hate** | infinitive | I *not said here* | Me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.41, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.41	DEU.32.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries. (Torah EXO.23.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x2:1
# text = But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
4	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
24	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | unto his voice; indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | future | I | a enemy |  |  | then | unto thine enemies | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.23.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.23.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.23.22	EXO.23.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Were it not that I dreaded the enemy's provocation, lest their adversaries should misdeem, lest they should say: Our hand is exalted, and not the LORD hath wrought all this.' (Torah DEU.32.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Were it not that I dreaded the enemy's provocation, lest their adversaries should misdeem, lest they should say: Our hand is exalted, and not the LORD hath wrought all this.'

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x3:1
# text = Were it not that I dreaded the enemy's provocation, lest their adversaries should misdeem, lest they should say: Our hand is exalted, and not the LORD hath wrought all this.'
1	Were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dreaded	dread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	provocation	provocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	misdeem	misdeem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
33	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	xcomp	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	35	det:predet	_	_
35	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | I *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **dread** | past | I | the enemy's provocation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **misdeem** | should | their adversaries |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | should | adversaries *= adversary* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **exalt** | present · passive |  | Our hand |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 6 | **not** **have** | present | the LORD | this |  |  |  | wrought *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |
| 7 | **provoke** |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  |  | nom provocation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.27	DEU.32.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
LORD, how many are mine adversaries become! (Writings PSA.3.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* LORD, how many are mine adversaries become!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x4:1
# text = LORD, how many are mine adversaries become!
1	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	mine	mine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | many mine adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | present | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.3.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.3.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.3.2	PSA.3.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long, O God, shall the adversary reproach? (Writings PSA.74.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How long, O God, shall the adversary reproach?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x5:1
# text = How long, O God, shall the adversary reproach?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
5	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.74.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.74.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.74.10	PSA.74.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire goeth before Him, and burneth up His adversaries round about. (Writings PSA.97.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A fire goeth before Him, and burneth up His adversaries round about.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x6:1
# text = A fire goeth before Him, and burneth up His adversaries round about.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goeth	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Him	Him	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	burneth	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	round	round	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a fire |  |  | Him |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before him=Location |
| 2 | **burn up** | present | a fire *not said here* | fire's adversaries |  |  |  | about *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent adversary=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.97.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.97.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.97.3	PSA.97.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight faced his adversary on the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x7:1
# text = The knight faced his adversary on the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	faced	face	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | past | the knight | knight's adversary |  | the bridge |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent adversary=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In chess, try to guess your adversary's next move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x8:1
# text = In chess, try to guess your adversary's next move.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	guess	guess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | chess |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **guess** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your adversary's next move |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent move=Theme |
| 3 | **move** |  | your adversary |  |  |  |  |  | nom move «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two teams were old adversaries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x9:1
# text = The two teams were old adversaries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the two teams | old adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was a tough adversary in the debate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x10:1
# text = She was a tough adversary in the debate.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | a tough adversary |  | the debate |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sherlock Holmes's greatest adversary was Moriarty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x11:1
# text = Sherlock Holmes's greatest adversary was Moriarty.
1	Sherlock	Sherlock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Moriarty	Moriarty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sherlock's greatest adversary | Moriarty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even adversaries can shake hands after the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x12:1
# text = Even adversaries can shake hands after the game.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | can | adversaries | hands |  |  | after the game |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heracles destroyed this new adversary with his club, and now called upon his nephew to come to his aid.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:adversary:x13:1
# text = Heracles destroyed this new adversary with his club, and now called upon his nephew to come to his aid.
1	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | Heracles | this new adversary |  |  |  | with Heracles's club | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent adversary=Patient with club=Instrument |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  | now | upon Heracles's nephew | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | Heracles's aid |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to aid=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [A in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/)