---
title: afflict — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «afflict» in the Judaism dictionary: To cause pain, suffering or trouble to someone or something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/afflict/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/) / afflict

# afflict

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ye, taskmasters, It, rest, They, Thou · **What happens:** cause, afflict, be, not afflict, set, burden · **To what, where:** pain, problem, widow, they, taskmasters, sabbath

<!-- .vabout -->
«afflict» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [afflict in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/afflict.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cause pain, suffering or trouble to someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:m1:1
# text = To cause pain, suffering or trouble to someone or something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | to-infinitive |  | pain and suffering or trouble to someone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: often passive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be afflicted with an illness or problem is to suffer from it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:m2:1
# text = To be afflicted with an illness or problem is to suffer from it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | with a illness or problem | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | problem |  | suffer *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x1:1
# text = Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
1	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **afflict** | shall | Ye | any widow |  |  |  | fatherless child *obl* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus widow=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.22.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.22.22	EXO.22.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x2:1
# text = Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	taskmasters	taskmaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	burdens	burden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive · do-support |  | they |  |  |  | over them *= they*; therefore *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over they=Destination |
| 2 | **afflict** | to-infinitive |  | taskmasters *= taskmaster* |  |  |  | with taskmasters's burdens | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 3 | **burden** |  | taskmasters *= taskmaster* |  |  |  |  |  | nom burden «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.1.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.1.11	EXO.1.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever. (Torah LEV.16.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x3:1
# text = It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	statute	statute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a sabbath |  |  |  | of solemn rest unto you | tree rules |
| 2 | **afflict** | shall | ye | your souls |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | present | rest | a statute |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.16.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x3:2
# text = (Torah LEV.16.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.16.31	LEV.16.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They crush Thy people, O LORD, and afflict Thy heritage. (Writings PSA.94.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They crush Thy people, O LORD, and afflict Thy heritage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x4:1
# text = They crush Thy people, O LORD, and afflict Thy heritage.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crush	crush	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	heritage	heritage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | present | They | Thy people |  |  |  | LORD *obl* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **afflict** | infinitive | They *not said here* | Thy heritage |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heritage=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.94.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.94.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.94.5	PSA.94.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wilt Thou hold Thy peace, and afflict us very sore? (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wilt Thou hold Thy peace, and afflict us very sore?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x5:1
# text = Wilt Thou hold Thy peace, and afflict us very sore?
1	Wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | future | Thou | Thy peace |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peace=Theme |
| 2 | **afflict** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | us |  |  |  | sore *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pacify** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom peace «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x5:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.64.11	ISA.64.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For He doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men. (Writings LAM.3.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For He doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x6:1
# text = For He doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
6	willingly	willingly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
9	grieve	grieve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **afflict** | present · do-support | He |  |  |  |  | willingly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **grieve** | imperative | you *not said here* | the children of men |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus child=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.3.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x6:2
# text = (Writings LAM.3.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.3.33	LAM.3.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Floods afflicted the town every spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x7:1
# text = Floods afflicted the town every spring.
1	Floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past | Floods | the town |  |  | spring |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plague afflicted much of Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x8:1
# text = The plague afflicted much of Europe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past | the plague | much of Europe |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus much=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was afflicted with a terrible cough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x9:1
# text = He was afflicted with a terrible cough.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | with a terrible cough | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunger afflicts millions of people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x10:1
# text = Hunger afflicts millions of people.
1	Hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	afflicts	afflict	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | present | Hunger | millions of people |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus million=Experiencer |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old tree was afflicted by a fungus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x11:1
# text = The old tree was afflicted by a fungus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive | a fungus | the old tree |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shyness afflicted her as a child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x12:1
# text = Shyness afflicted her as a child.
1	Shyness	shyness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past | Shyness | her *= she* |  |  |  | as a child | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Do not thus afflict yourself, my good master.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:afflict:x13:1
# text = “Do not thus afflict yourself, my good master.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **afflict** *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus yourself=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [affirmative](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/affirmative/)
- next →: [afflicted](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/afflicted/)
- ↑ back to [A in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/)