---
title: aghast — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aghast» in the Judaism dictionary: Shocked and horrified, struck dumb by surprise or fear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/aghast/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/) / aghast

# aghast

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pangs, faces, youth, king, Nibs, We · **What happens:** strike, affright, take, be, look, hold · **To what, where:** they, hold, pain, aghast one, another, faces

<!-- .vabout -->
«aghast» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aghast in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/aghast.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shocked and horrified, struck dumb by surprise or fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:m1:1
# text = Shocked and horrified, struck dumb by surprise or fear.
1	Shocked	shocked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	horrified	horrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
6	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by surprise or fear; dumb *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by surprise=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they shall be affrighted; pangs and throes shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman in travail; they shall look aghast one at another; their faces shall be faces of flame. (Prophets ISA.13.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they shall be affrighted; pangs and throes shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman in travail; they shall look aghast one at another; their faces shall be faces of flame.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x1:1
# text = And they shall be affrighted; pangs and throes shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman in travail; they shall look aghast one at another; their faces shall be faces of flame.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	pangs	pang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	throes	throe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	travail	travail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
30	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
35	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj	_	_
37	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	cop	_	_
39	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affright** | shall · passive |  | they |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | shall | pangs and throes | hold of throes |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall | pangs *= pang* |  |  | pain |  | as a woman in travail | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | shall | pangs *= pang* | aghast one |  | another |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Attribute |
| 5 | **is a** | shall | pangs's faces | faces |  |  |  | of flame | tree rules |
| 6 | **hold** |  |  | throes *= throe* |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.13.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.13.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.13.8	ISA.13.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The youth stood aghast at the king's words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x2:1
# text = The youth stood aghast at the king's words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the youth |  |  | the king's words |  | aghast *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at word=Location |
| 2 | **word** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"She won't!" Nibs exclaimed, aghast.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "She won't!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x3:1
# text = "She won't!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Nibs exclaimed, aghast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x3:2
# text = Nibs exclaimed, aghast.
1	Nibs	nib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | participle | Nibs |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were aghast to see the broken window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aghast:x4:1
# text = We were aghast to see the broken window.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	broken	broken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  |  |  | aghast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the broken window |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [agent](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/agent/)
- next →: [agitation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/agitation/)
- ↑ back to [A in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/)