---
title: alas — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «alas» in the Judaism dictionary: A word that shows sadness, sorrow or regret: «Alas, it was too late.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# alas

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** word, he, God, servant, Alas, they · **What happens:** show, be, use, joke, take up, say · **To what, where:** sadness, joking way, parable, God, carcass, own grave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«alas» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [alas in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/alas.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned or literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A word that shows sadness, sorrow or regret: «Alas, it was too late.».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:m1:1
# text = A word that shows sadness, sorrow or regret: «Alas, it was too late.».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	regret	regret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	too	too	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a word | sadness and sorrow or regret |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent sadness=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | word |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: humorous — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used today in a joking way for small disappointments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:m2:1
# text = Used today in a joking way for small disappointments.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	disappointments	disappointment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | a joking way for small disappointments | today |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he took up his parable, and said: Alas, who shall live after God hath appointed him? (Torah NUM.24.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he took up his parable, and said: Alas, who shall live after God hath appointed him?

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x1:1
# text = And he took up his parable, and said: Alas, who shall live after God hath appointed him?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	parable	parable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Alas	Alas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
16	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
19	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | past | he | his parable |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parable=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **live** | shall |  |  |  |  |  | Alas *vocative* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | God |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **appoint** | past | God *not said here* | God |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.24.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.24.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.24.23	NUM.24.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And his servant said unto him: 'Alas, my master! how shall we do?' (Prophets 2KI.6.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And his servant said unto him: 'Alas, my master! how shall we do?'

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x2:1
# text = And his servant said unto him: 'Alas, my master! how shall we do?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | his servant |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | shall | Alas and my master |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.6.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.6.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.6.15	2KI.6.15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he laid his carcass in his own grave; and they made lamentation for him: 'Alas, my brother!' (Prophets 1KI.13.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he laid his carcass in his own grave; and they made lamentation for him: 'Alas, my brother!'

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x3:1
# text = And he laid his carcass in his own grave; and they made lamentation for him: 'Alas, my brother!'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	lamentation	lamentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | he | his carcass |  | his own grave |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent carcass=Theme in grave=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | past | they | lamentation |  |  |  | for him *= he*; Alas and my brother *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lamentation=Product for he=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.13.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x3:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.13.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.13.30	1KI.13.30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who crieth: 'Woe'? who: 'Alas'? who hath contentions? who hath raving? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? (Writings PRO.23.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who crieth: 'Woe'? who: 'Alas'? who hath contentions? who hath raving? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x4:1
# text = Who crieth: 'Woe'? who: 'Alas'? who hath contentions? who hath raving? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crieth	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Alas	Alas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
16	contentions	contention	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
20	raving	rave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
24	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	without	without	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
30	redness	redness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present |  | Woe |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woe=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | contentions |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contention=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rave** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **have** | present |  | wounds |  |  |  | without cause | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wound=Patient |
| 6 | **have** | present |  | redness of eyes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent redness=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.23.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x4:2
# text = (Writings PRO.23.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.23.29	PRO.23.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alas, the ship sank before it reached the shore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x5:1
# text = Alas, the ship sank before it reached the shore.
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | the ship |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **reach** | past | ship | the shore |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent shore=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Alas! I shall be too late!» cried the White Rabbit.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Alas!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x6:1
# text = «Alas!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I shall be too late!» cried the White Rabbit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x6:2
# text = I shall be too late!» cried the White Rabbit.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Rabbit	Rabbit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | I |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | the White Rabbit |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I wanted to go to the beach, but alas, it rained all day.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x7:1
# text = I wanted to go to the beach, but alas, it rained all day.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  | the beach |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **rain** | past | alas |  |  |  | day |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alas, poor Toad was locked in the deepest dungeon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x8:1
# text = Alas, poor Toad was locked in the deepest dungeon.
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	deepest	deep	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	dungeon	dungeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | past · passive |  | poor Toad |  | the deepest dungeon |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alas, there was no chocolate left in the box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x9:1
# text = Alas, there was no chocolate left in the box.
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no chocolate |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | no chocolate *not said here* |  |  |  | in the box *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in box=Result |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight looked for the dragon, but alas, it had flown away.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x10:1
# text = The knight looked for the dragon, but alas, it had flown away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	alas	ala	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	flown	fly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | for the dragon | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for dragon=Theme |
| 2 | **fly away** | past · perfect · passive |  | alas |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alas, a great deal too near!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alas:x11:1
# text = Alas, a great deal too near!
1	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	near	near	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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