---
title: alphabetic — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «alphabetic» in the Judaism dictionary: Having to do with the alphabet, or written using letters. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# alphabetic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grouping, purpose, author, i · **What happens:** do, write, use, be, find, process · **To what, where:** letters, one, Semitic authors, origin, superiority, Tiii vowels · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«alphabetic» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [alphabetic in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/alphabetic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having to do with the alphabet, or written using letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:m1:1
# text = Having to do with the alphabet, or written using letters.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
11	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the alphabet | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **write** | gerund · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | gerund |  | letters |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grouping of the processes of origin into an arrangement, at once alphabetic and numeral, is one only to be found in Semitic authors. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The grouping of the processes of origin into an arrangement, at once alphabetic and numeral, is one only to be found in Semitic authors.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x1:1
# text = The grouping of the processes of origin into an arrangement, at once alphabetic and numeral, is one only to be found in Semitic authors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grouping	grouping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	14	advmod	_	_
14	alphabetic	alphabetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
20	only	only	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	Semitic	Semitic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	authors	author	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the grouping of the processes of origin into a arrangement | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | Semitic authors |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF» |
| 3 | **process** |  |  | origin |  |  |  |  | nom process «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The purpose of the author was to e ..pliiisizc the superiority of alphabetic writing over the non-alphabetic writing (ideographic and syllabic) used by all the nations of antiquity, and even now by a great portion of mankind. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The purpose of the author was to e ..pliiisizc the superiority of alphabetic writing over the non-alphabetic writing (ideographic and syllabic) used by all the nations of antiquity, and even now by a great portion of mankind.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x2:1
# text = The purpose of the author was to e ..pliiisizc the superiority of alphabetic writing over the non-alphabetic writing (ideographic and syllabic) used by all the nations of antiquity, and even now by a great portion of mankind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	e	e	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	..	..	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	pliiisizc	pliiisizc	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	superiority	superiority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	alphabetic	alphabetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	non-alphabetic	non-alphabetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	ideographic	ideographic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	appos	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	syllabic	syllabic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
34	even	even	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	39	advmod	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	mankind	mankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the purpose of the author |  |  |  |  | e *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | the superiority of alphabetic writing *not said here* |  |  |  | by all nations of antiquity | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **purpose** |  | the author |  |  |  |  |  | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiii) vowels and consonants were made in the form of a "state and arranged like an army in battle array." Isaac Taylor '\*i says: "Like soldiers on parade the characters in the alphabetic line have been dressed." (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tiii) vowels and consonants were made in the form of a "state and arranged like an army in battle array."

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x3:1
# text = Tiii) vowels and consonants were made in the form of a "state and arranged like an army in battle array."
1	Tiii	Tiii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	consonants	consonant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	array	array	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Tiii vowels and consonants |  | the form of a state |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **arrange** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a army in battle array | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | a state |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Isaac Taylor '\*i says: "Like soldiers on parade the characters in the alphabetic line have been dressed."

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x3:2
# text = Isaac Taylor '*i says: "Like soldiers on parade the characters in the alphabetic line have been dressed."
1	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
2	Taylor	Taylor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	*	*	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	parade	parade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	alphabetic	alphabetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | i |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **dress** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | like soldiers on parade and the characters in the alphabetic line | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:alphabetic:x3:3
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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