---
title: annotation — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «annotation» in the Judaism dictionary: A note added to a text to explain it or comment on it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# annotation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** III, he, annotations, his, Isidor, my · **What happens:** add, explain, comment, prove, have, be · **To what, where:** note, text, knowledge, all, book, attention

<!-- .vabout -->
«annotation» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [annotation in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/annotation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A note added to a text to explain it or comment on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:m1:1
# text = A note added to a text to explain it or comment on it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	comment	comment	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a note *not said here* |  |  |  | to a text | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to text=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | text |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 3 | **comment** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  | text |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
III, 2, prove undoubtedly that he had no knowledge whatever of natural science, and therefore his annotations on the book "Yezirah" are of little or no use at all. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* III, 2, prove undoubtedly that he had no knowledge whatever of natural science, and therefore his annotations on the book "Yezirah" are of little or no use at all.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x1:1
# text = III, 2, prove undoubtedly that he had no knowledge whatever of natural science, and therefore his annotations on the book "Yezirah" are of little or no use at all.
1	III	III	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	undoubtedly	undoubtedly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	annotations	annotation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Yezirah	Yezirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
32	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
33	at	at	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | infinitive | III |  |  |  |  | undoubtedly *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | he | no knowledge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | his annotations on the book |  |  | all |  | of no little use | tree rules |
| 4 | **annotate** |  | his *= he* |  |  | the book |  |  | nom annotation «communication transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quite recently, and since the completion of my translation, my attention has been drawn to a version by Isidor Kalisch, in which he has reproduced many of the valuable annotations of Meyer. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Quite recently, and since the completion of my translation, my attention has been drawn to a version by Isidor Kalisch, in which he has reproduced many of the valuable annotations of Meyer.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x2:1
# text = Quite recently, and since the completion of my translation, my attention has been drawn to a version by Isidor Kalisch, in which he has reproduced many of the valuable annotations of Meyer.
1	Quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	since	since	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	completion	completion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Isidor	Isidor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	obl	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	reproduced	reproduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
29	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	annotations	annotation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Meyer	Meyer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present · perfect · passive | Isidor | my attention |  | a version |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to version=Destination |
| 2 | **reproduce** | present · perfect | Isidor | many of the valuable annotations of Meyer |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent many=Patient |
| 3 | **complete** |  |  | my translation |  |  |  |  | nom completion «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **translate** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom translation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **attend** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 6 | **annotate** |  |  | Meyer |  |  |  |  | nom annotation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Again, I have to add that I have not only endeavored to correct a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors, but I have also endeavored to give more complete annotations. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Again, I have to add that I have not only endeavored to correct a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors, but I have also endeavored to give more complete annotations.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x3:1
# text = Again, I have to add that I have not only endeavored to correct a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors, but I have also endeavored to give more complete annotations.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	endeavored	endeavor	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	correct	correct	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	also	also	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	endeavored	endeavor	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	34	advmod	_	_
34	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	annotations	annotation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  | again |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **endeavor** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **correct** *speech: disagree* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a great many mistakes and erroneous ideas of my predecessors |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient |
| 5 | **endeavor** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **give** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | complete annotations |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent annotation=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:annotation:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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