---
title: antithesis — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «antithesis» in the Judaism dictionary: The exact opposite of something; a pair of opposites set against each other. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# antithesis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** exact opposite, Seven double letters, antithesis, individual · **What happens:** set, serve, signify, expose, notwithstand, produce · **To what, where:** each, antithesis, human life, decay, genus, foolishness

<!-- .vabout -->
«antithesis» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [antithesis in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/antithesis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exact opposite of something; a pair of opposites set against each other.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:m1:1
# text = The exact opposite of something; a pair of opposites set against each other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	opposites	opposite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	set	set	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	11	obl	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present | the exact opposite of something |  |  | each |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against each=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seven double letters serve to signify the antithesis to which human life is exposed. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Seven double letters serve to signify the antithesis to which human life is exposed.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x1:1
# text = Seven double letters serve to signify the antithesis to which human life is exposed.
1	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	serve	serve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	signify	signify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	antithesis	antithesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
11	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | Seven double letters |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **signify** | to-infinitive | Seven double letters *not said here* | the antithesis |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot antithesis=Theme |
| 3 | **expose** | present · passive |  | human life | the antithesis |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to which=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Notwithstanding the decay of the individual, the genus is produced by the antithesis of man and wife. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Notwithstanding the decay of the individual, the genus is produced by the antithesis of man and wife.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x2:1
# text = Notwithstanding the decay of the individual, the genus is produced by the antithesis of man and wife.
1	Notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	genus	genus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	antithesis	antithesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notwithstand** | gerund | the antithesis of man and wife *not said here* | the decay of the individual |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **produce** | present · passive | the antithesis of man and wife | the genus |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 3 | **decay** |  | the individual |  |  |  |  |  | nom decay «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The antithesis of wisdom is foolishness; of wealth, poverty; of fruitfulness, childlessness; of life, death; of dominion, dependence; of peace, war; and of beauty, ugliness. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The antithesis of wisdom is foolishness; of wealth, poverty; of fruitfulness, childlessness; of life, death; of dominion, dependence; of peace, war; and of beauty, ugliness.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x3:1
# text = The antithesis of wisdom is foolishness; of wealth, poverty; of fruitfulness, childlessness; of life, death; of dominion, dependence; of peace, war; and of beauty, ugliness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	antithesis	antithesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fruitfulness	fruitfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	childlessness	childlessness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	dominion	dominion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	dependence	dependence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
37	ugliness	ugliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the antithesis of wisdom | foolishness and fruitfulness and childlessness and life and death and dominion and dependence and peace and war and beauty ugliness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:antithesis:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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