---
title: aphorism — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aphorism» in the Judaism dictionary: A short wise saying that puts a truth in few words. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aphorism

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**Who acts:** short wise saying, form, nothing, Its · **What happens:** put, be, consist, group, have, form · **To what, where:** truth, few words, aphorisms, conciseness

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«aphorism» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aphorism in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/aphorism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short wise saying that puts a truth in few words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aphorism:m1:1
# text = A short wise saying that puts a truth in few words.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | a short wise saying | a truth |  | few words |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent truth=Theme in word=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Its form is simple and grave; there is nothing like a demonstration nor an argument; but it consists rather of a series of aphorisms, regularly grouped, and which have all the conciseness of the most ancient oracles." (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Its form is simple and grave; there is nothing like a demonstration nor an argument; but it consists rather of a series of aphorisms, regularly grouped, and which have all the conciseness of the most ancient oracles."

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aphorism:x1:1
# text = "Its form is simple and grave; there is nothing like a demonstration nor an argument; but it consists rather of a series of aphorisms, regularly grouped, and which have all the conciseness of the most ancient oracles."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grave	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	10	nsubj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	demonstration	demonstration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	17	cc	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
22	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	25	cc	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	aphorisms	aphorism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	regularly	regularly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	grouped	group	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
34	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
35	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	37	det:predet	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	conciseness	conciseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	41	advmod	_	_
41	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	oracles	oracle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Its form |  |  |  |  | simple *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* |  | Its form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** *in a quote* | present | nothing |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **consist** *in a quote* | present | form |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **group** *in a quote* | participle |  | aphorisms *not said here* |  |  |  | regularly *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **have** *in a quote* | present |  | all conciseness of the ancient oracles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conciseness=Patient |
| 7 | **form** *in a quote* |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:aphorism:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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