---
title: archaeologist — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «archaeologist» in the Judaism dictionary: An archaeologist is a scientist who studies how people lived long ago by digging up and examining old things they left behind, such as bones, tools, pots and buildings. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# archaeologist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** archaeologist, scientist, people, Archaeologists, pot, I · **What happens:** be, study, live, dig up, examine, leave behind · **To what, where:** scientist, old things, author, renowned archaeologists, Roman coin, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«archaeologist» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [archaeologist in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/archaeologist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An archaeologist is a scientist who studies how people lived long ago by digging up and examining old things they left behind, such as bones, tools, pots and buildings.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:m1:1
# text = An archaeologist is a scientist who studies how people lived long ago by digging up and examining old things they left behind, such as bones, tools, pots and buildings.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archaeologist	archaeologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	examining	examine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a archaeologist | a scientist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **study** | present | a scientist |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | past | people |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **dig up** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **examine** | gerund | people *not said here* | old things and bones |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 6 | **leave behind** | past | people | old things and bones *not said here* |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the time of its composition and the name of its author have not yet been ascertained, despite of the most elaborate researches of renowned archaeologists. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But the time of its composition and the name of its author have not yet been ascertained, despite of the most elaborate researches of renowned archaeologists.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x1:1
# text = But the time of its composition and the name of its author have not yet been ascertained, despite of the most elaborate researches of renowned archaeologists.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
15	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	ascertained	ascertain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	23	advmod	_	_
23	elaborate	elaborate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	researches	research	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	renowned	renowned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **ascertain** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | yet; time |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S» |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | name's author |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **research** |  |  | renowned archaeologists |  |  |  |  | nom research «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The archaeologist found a Roman coin in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x2:1
# text = The archaeologist found a Roman coin in the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archaeologist	archaeologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the archaeologist | a Roman coin |  | the field |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists dig very slowly with small trowels and brushes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x3:1
# text = Archaeologists dig very slowly with small trowels and brushes.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dig	dig	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trowels	trowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	brushes	brush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present | Archaeologists |  |  |  |  | with small trowels and brushes; slowly *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with trowel=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An archaeologist can tell how old a pot is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x4:1
# text = An archaeologist can tell how old a pot is.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archaeologist	archaeologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | a archaeologist |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a pot |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists found a Viking ship under the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x5:1
# text = Archaeologists found a Viking ship under the ground.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Viking	Viking	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Archaeologists | a Viking ship |  | the ground |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I grow up I want to be an archaeologist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x6:1
# text = When I grow up I want to be an archaeologist.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	archaeologist	archaeologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **want** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a archaeologist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The archaeologists marked every find on a map.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x7:1
# text = The archaeologists marked every find on a map.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	find	find	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | the archaeologists | every find |  | a map |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent find=Theme on map=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists study ancient Egypt by looking at tombs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:archaeologist:x8:1
# text = Archaeologists study ancient Egypt by looking at tombs.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tombs	tomb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Archaeologists | ancient Egypt |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egypt=Topic |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | Archaeologists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at tombs | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tomb=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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