---
title: arithmetic — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arithmetic» in the Judaism dictionary: Arithmetic is the part of maths about numbers and the four basic operations: adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arithmetic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arithmetic, someone, Miller, discovery, it, scholars · **What happens:** be, add, subtract, multiply, divide, work out · **To what, where:** part, sums, it, numbers, use, positional arithmetic · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«arithmetic» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arithmetic in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/arithmetic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arithmetic is the part of maths about numbers and the four basic operations: adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:m1:1
# text = Arithmetic is the part of maths about numbers and the four basic operations: adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.
1	Arithmetic	Arithmetic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	subtracting	subtract	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	multiplying	multiply	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	dividing	divide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Arithmetic | the part |  |  |  | of maths about numbers and the four basic operations | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **subtract** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **multiply** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **divide** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arithmetic is the working out of sums, or how good someone is at it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:m2:1
# text = Arithmetic is the working out of sums, or how good someone is at it.
1	Arithmetic	Arithmetic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work out** | present · progressive | Arithmetic | sums |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone |  |  | it |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arithmetic of something is the numbers behind it, like «the arithmetic of the budget».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:m3:1
# text = The arithmetic of something is the numbers behind it, like «the arithmetic of the budget».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the arithmetic of something | the numbers |  | it |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brooks, the Philosophy of Arithmetic, Phila- delphia 1876, II. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Brooks, the Philosophy of Arithmetic, Phila- delphia 1876, II.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x1:1
# text = Brooks, the Philosophy of Arithmetic, Phila- delphia 1876, II.
1	Brooks	brook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Philosophy	Philosophy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Arithmetic	Arithmetic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	Phila	Phila	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
10	delphia	delphia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
11	1876	1876	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miller farther says: "The discovery of zero, as used above, implies its use in positional arithmetic. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Miller farther says: "The discovery of zero, as used above, implies its use in positional arithmetic.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x2:1
# text = Miller farther says: "The discovery of zero, as used above, implies its use in positional arithmetic.
1	Miller	Miller	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	farther	far	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	amod	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	_
13	above	above	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
15	implies	imply	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	positional	positional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Miller |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | above *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **imply** *in a quote* | present | Miller *not said here* | discovery's use |  | positional arithmetic |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot use=Topic |
| 4 | **use** *in a quote* |  | discovery |  |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even if such an early date cannot be established, it appears likely that scholars will hereafter attribute the discovery of positional arithmetic to the Babylonians instead of the Hindoos." (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Even if such an early date cannot be established, it appears likely that scholars will hereafter attribute the discovery of positional arithmetic to the Babylonians instead of the Hindoos."

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x3:1
# text = Even if such an early date cannot be established, it appears likely that scholars will hereafter attribute the discovery of positional arithmetic to the Babylonians instead of the Hindoos."
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	hereafter	hereafter	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	attribute	attribute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	positional	positional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Babylonians	Babylonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	31	case	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Hindoos	Hindoo	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **establish** *a condition, not said to happen* | can · passive |  | such early date |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP» |
| 2 | **appear** | present | it |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **attribute** | future | scholars | the discovery of positional arithmetic to the Babylonians instead the Hindoos |  |  |  | hereafter *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **discover** |  |  | positional arithmetic to the Babylonians instead the Hindoos |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have an arithmetic test on Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x4:1
# text = We have an arithmetic test on Friday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | a arithmetic test |  |  |  | on Friday | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mental arithmetic helps you add up prices in the shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x5:1
# text = Mental arithmetic helps you add up prices in the shop.
1	Mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Mental arithmetic | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **add up** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | prices |  | the shop |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent price=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arithmetic includes adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x6:1
# text = Arithmetic includes adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.
1	Arithmetic	Arithmetic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	subtracting	subtract	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	multiplying	multiply	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dividing	divide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Arithmetic |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | Arithmetic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **subtract** | gerund | Arithmetic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **multiply** | gerund | Arithmetic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **divide** | gerund | Arithmetic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
3, 7, 11, 15 is an arithmetic sequence, adding 4 each time.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x7:1
# text = 3, 7, 11, 15 is an arithmetic sequence, adding 4 each time.
1	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sequence	sequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	adding	add	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 3 | a arithmetic sequence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | a arithmetic sequence *not said here* | 4 |  |  | time |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check your arithmetic: 6 × 7 is 42, not 48.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x8:1
# text = Check your arithmetic: 6 × 7 is 42, not 48.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
6	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	7	case	_	_
7	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	42	42	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	48	48	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your arithmetic |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arithmetic=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | 6 × 7 | 42 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Simple arithmetic shows we don't have enough money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x9:1
# text = Simple arithmetic shows we don't have enough money.
1	Simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shows	show	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | we | enough money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her arithmetic is very quick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:arithmetic:x10:1
# text = Her arithmetic is very quick.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	arithmetic	arithmetic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her arithmetic |  |  |  |  | quick *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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