---
title: assail — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «assail» in the Judaism dictionary: To assail someone is to attack them violently. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# assail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** doubts, floods, Belial, cords, enemy troops, smell · **What happens:** assail, be, come, flood, compass, smell · **To what, where:** someone, sides, me, castle, Mole, She

<!-- .vabout -->
«assail» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [assail in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/assail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To assail someone is to attack them violently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:m1:1
# text = To assail someone is to attack them violently.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	assail	assail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | attack, violently *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be assailed by doubts, worries, smells or questions is to have them come at you strongly from all sides.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:m2:1
# text = To be assailed by doubts, worries, smells or questions is to have them come at you strongly from all sides.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	doubts	doubt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | to-infinitive · passive | doubts and worries and smells or questions |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | have *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive |  |  |  | all sides |  | at you; strongly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from side=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The floods of Belial assailed me. (Prophets 2SA.22.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The floods of Belial assailed me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x1:1
# text = The floods of Belial assailed me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Belial	Belial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	assailed	assail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past | the floods of Belial | me |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 2 | **flood** |  | Belial |  |  |  |  |  | nom flood «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.22.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x1:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.22.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.22.5	2SA.22.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cords of Death compassed me, and the floods of Belial assailed me. (Writings PSA.18.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The cords of Death compassed me, and the floods of Belial assailed me.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x2:1
# text = The cords of Death compassed me, and the floods of Belial assailed me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Death	Death	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	compassed	compass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Belial	Belial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	assailed	assail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compass** | past | the cords of Death | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **assail** | past | the floods of Belial | me |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 3 | **flood** |  | Belial |  |  |  |  |  | nom flood «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.18.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.18.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.18.5	PSA.18.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was assailed by enemy troops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x3:1
# text = The castle was assailed by enemy troops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	troops	troops	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past · passive | enemy troops | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole was assailed by the smell of his old home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x4:1
# text = Mole was assailed by the smell of his old home.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past · passive | the smell of Mole's old home | Mole |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **smell** |  | Mole's old home |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was assailed by doubts before the exam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x5:1
# text = She was assailed by doubts before the exam.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	doubts	doubt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past · passive | doubts | She |  |  | before the exam |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reporters assailed the footballer with questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x6:1
# text = Reporters assailed the footballer with questions.
1	Reporters	reporter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	assailed	assail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	footballer	footballer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past | Reporters | the footballer |  |  |  | with questions | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footballer=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strange noises assailed them in the dark wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x7:1
# text = Strange noises assailed them in the dark wood.
1	Strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	noises	noise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	assailed	assail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past | Strange noises | them *= they* |  | the dark wood |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship was assailed by storms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x8:1
# text = The ship was assailed by storms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past · passive | storms | the ship |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Misfortune often assails us from an unexpected quarter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assail:x9:1
# text = Misfortune often assails us from an unexpected quarter.
1	Misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	assails	assail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	unexpected	unexpected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | present | Misfortune | us |  | a unexpected quarter |  | often *property* | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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