---
title: assault — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «assault» in the Judaism dictionary: An assault is a violent attack on a person, or a threat to hurt them; it is a crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# assault

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** assault, Hitting, soldiers, climbers, market, PE class · **What happens:** be, hurt, assault, capture, challenge, arrest · **To what, where:** violent attack, person, crime, someone, attack, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«assault» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [assault in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/assault.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An assault is a violent attack on a person, or a threat to hurt them; it is a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:m1:1
# text = An assault is a violent attack on a person, or a threat to hurt them; it is a crime.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a assault | a violent attack and a crime |  |  |  | on a person or a threat | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | to-infinitive | a assault *not said here* | person |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | assault | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To assault someone is to attack them violently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:m2:1
# text = To assault someone is to attack them violently.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	assault	assault	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assault** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | attack, violently *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: military — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An assault is an attack by soldiers to capture a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:m3:1
# text = An assault is an attack by soldiers to capture a place.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	capture	capture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a assault | a attack |  |  |  | by soldiers | tree rules |
| 2 | **capture** | to-infinitive |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong attack or challenge of another kind: «an assault on the mountain», «an assault on the senses» (very strong sights, sounds and smells).

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:m4:1
# text = A strong attack or challenge of another kind: «an assault on the mountain», «an assault on the senses» (very strong sights, sounds and smells).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	challenge	challenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	sights	sight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **challenge** |  |  | another kind |  |  |  |  | nom challenge «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To assault someone with words is to attack them with harsh, rude talk.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:m5:1
# text = To assault someone with words is to attack them with harsh, rude talk.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	assault	assault	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assault** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | with words | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with harsh rude talk; attack *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man was arrested for assault.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x1:1
# text = The man was arrested for assault.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrest** | past · passive |  | the man |  |  |  | for assault | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for assault=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitting someone can be assault, which is a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x2:1
# text = Hitting someone can be assault, which is a crime.
1	Hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | can | Hitting | assault and a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | assault and a crime | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers launched an assault on the fort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x3:1
# text = The soldiers launched an assault on the fort.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	launched	launch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fort	fort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **launch** | past | the soldiers | a assault |  | the fort |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent assault=Theme on fort=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climbers made their assault on the summit at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x4:1
# text = The climbers made their assault on the summit at dawn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	summit	summit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the climbers | climbers's assault |  | the summit | dawn |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset assault=Product |
| 2 | **assault** |  | climbers *= climber* |  |  |  |  |  | nom assault «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The market was an assault on the senses: colours, smells and noise.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x5:1
# text = The market was an assault on the senses: colours, smells and noise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the market | a assault and colours and smells and noise |  | the senses |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our PE class did an assault course with ropes and walls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x6:1
# text = Our PE class did an assault course with ropes and walls.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Our PE class | a assault course |  |  |  | with ropes and walls | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If anyone hurts you, tell a trusted adult or the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assault:x7:1
# text = If anyone hurts you, tell a trusted adult or the police.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | anyone | you |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a trusted adult or the police |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 3 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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