---
title: assertion — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «assertion» in the Judaism dictionary: An assertion is a strong statement that something is true, often without proof given. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# assertion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** assertion, something, act, His, you, your · **What happens:** be, give, stand up, exist, have, assert · **To what, where:** strong statement, proof, act, evidence, assertion, moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«assertion» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [assertion in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/assertion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An assertion is a strong statement that something is true, often without proof given.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:m1:1
# text = An assertion is a strong statement that something is true, often without proof given.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
15	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a assertion | a strong statement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | something | a strong statement *not said here* |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  | proof *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assertion is the act of standing up for your rights or opinions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:m2:1
# text = Assertion is the act of standing up for your rights or opinions.
1	Assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	opinions	opinion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Assertion | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand up** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for your rights or opinions | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His assertion that ghosts exist had no evidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x1:1
# text = His assertion that ghosts exist had no evidence.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | His assertion |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | His assertion | no evidence |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient |
| 3 | **assert** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom assertion «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Support your assertion with facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x2:1
# text = Support your assertion with facts.
1	Support	support	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **support** | imperative | you *not said here* | your assertion |  |  |  | with facts | vn help-72.1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent assertion=Beneficiary with fact=Theme |
| 2 | **assert** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom assertion «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher questioned her assertion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x3:1
# text = The teacher questioned her assertion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	questioned	question	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **question** *speech: other* | past | the teacher | teacher's assertion |  |  |  |  | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assertion=Recipient |
| 2 | **assert** |  | teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom assertion «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion that the moon is made of cheese is false.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x4:1
# text = The assertion that the moon is made of cheese is false.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive | the assertion *not said here* | the moon |  |  |  | of cheese | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | the assertion |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Self-assertion helps you say no to bad ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x5:1
# text = Self-assertion helps you say no to bad ideas.
1	Self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Self assertion | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | no | bad ideas |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to idea=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The program checks the assertion that the total is positive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x6:1
# text = The program checks the assertion that the total is positive.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checks	check	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | the program | the assertion |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assertion=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the total |  |  |  |  | positive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of course the ruler of the lower world had to prove this assertion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:assertion:x7:1
# text = Of course the ruler of the lower world had to prove this assertion.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the ruler of the lower world |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | to-infinitive | the ruler of the lower world *not said here* | this assertion |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assertion=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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