---
title: astonishment — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «astonishment» in the Judaism dictionary: Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# astonishment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Astonishment, LORD, thou, Babylon, one, cat · **What happens:** be, smite, astonish, become, lead away, make · **To what, where:** feeling, thee, heart, astonishment, heaps, land

<!-- .vabout -->
«astonishment» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [astonishment in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/astonishment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:m1:1
# text = Astonishment is a feeling of very great surprise.
1	Astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Astonishment | a feeling |  |  |  | of great surprise | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart. (Torah DEU.28.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x1:1
# text = The LORD will smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	madness	madness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | future | the LORD | thee |  |  |  | with madness | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent thou=Patient with madness=Instrument |
| 2 | **astonish** |  |  | heart |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.28.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.28.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.28.28	DEU.28.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples whither the LORD shall lead thee away. (Torah DEU.28.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples whither the LORD shall lead thee away.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples whither the LORD shall lead thee away.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	byword	byword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
19	whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
24	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	obj	_	_
25	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | shall | thou | a astonishment and a proverb and a byword and all peoples |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead away** | shall | the LORD | thee |  |  |  | away, whither *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.28.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.28.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.28.37	DEU.28.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations! (Prophets JER.51.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x3:1
# text = How is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Babylon | a astonishment |  |  |  | among the nations; become *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.51.41, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JER.51.41, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.51.41	JER.51.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant. (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x4:1
# text = And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hissing	hissing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	without	without	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | shall | Babylon | heaps  a dwelling place for jackals and a astonishment and a hissing and inhabitant |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.51.37	JER.51.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head. (Prophets JER.18.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x5:1
# text = To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	hissing	hissing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	passeth	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
20	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	parataxis	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | their land |  |  |  | a perpetual hissing *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset land=Beneficiary astonishment=Product |
| 2 | **pass** | present | every one |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall | every one |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **shake** | infinitive |  | his head |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.18.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x5:2
# text = (Prophets JER.18.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.18.16	JER.18.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To my astonishment, the cat began to talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x6:1
# text = To my astonishment, the cat began to talk.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | to my astonishment | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **astonish** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd gasped in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x7:1
# text = The crowd gasped in astonishment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  | in astonishment | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in astonishment=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mole stared in astonishment at Rat's boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x8:1
# text = Mole stared in astonishment at Rat's boat.
1	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | Mole |  |  |  |  | at Rat's boat; in astonishment | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in astonishment=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much to our astonishment, we won the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x9:1
# text = Much to our astonishment, we won the cup.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | we | the cup |  |  |  | much our astonishment | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality |
| 2 | **astonish** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her eyes widened in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x10:1
# text = Her eyes widened in astonishment.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	widened	widen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **widen** | past | Her eyes |  |  | astonishment |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shook his head in astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x11:1
# text = He shook his head in astonishment.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | He | his head |  | astonishment |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent head=Theme in astonishment=Trajectory |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grand-vizir was filled with astonishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:astonishment:x12:1
# text = The grand-vizir was filled with astonishment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the grand vizir |  |  |  | with astonishment | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with astonishment=Instrument |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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