---
title: attack — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «attack» in the Judaism dictionary: To attack means to try to hurt someone or something with force. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# attack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, attack, dog, Sharks, team, She · **What happens:** attack, mean, try, hurt, score, say · **To what, where:** someone, sports, sudden act, bag, people, goal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«attack» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [attack in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/attack.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To attack means to try to hurt someone or something with force.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:m1:1
# text = To attack means to try to hurt someone or something with force.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In sports, to attack means to try to score.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:m2:1
# text = In sports, to attack means to try to score.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	nsubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	score	score	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | sports |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **score** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To attack also means to say strongly that something is bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:m3:1
# text = To attack also means to say strongly that something is bad.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | strongly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An attack is a sudden act of violence, or a sudden bout of illness, like an asthma attack or heart attack.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:m4:1
# text = An attack is a sudden act of violence, or a sudden bout of illness, like an asthma attack or heart attack.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bout	bout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	asthma	asthma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a attack | a sudden act or a sudden bout of illness |  |  |  | of violence | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog attacked the postman's bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x1:1
# text = The dog attacked the postman's bag.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	postman	postman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | the dog | the postman's bag |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharks rarely attack people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x2:1
# text = Sharks rarely attack people.
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	attack	attack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | present | Sharks | people |  |  |  | rarely *property* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team attacked and scored a goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x3:1
# text = Our team attacked and scored a goal.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | Our team |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **score** | past | Our team *not said here* | a goal |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had an asthma attack and used her inhaler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x4:1
# text = She had an asthma attack and used her inhaler.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	asthma	asthma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	inhaler	inhaler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a asthma attack |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attack=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | past | She *not said here* | her inhaler |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhaler=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was under attack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x5:1
# text = The castle was under attack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the castle |  |  | attack |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mother bear may attack if you come near her cubs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x6:1
# text = A mother bear may attack if you come near her cubs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | may | a mother bear |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  | bear's cubs |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near cub=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs attack your body when you are ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x7:1
# text = Germs attack your body when you are ill.
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	attack	attack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | present | Germs | your body |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a heart attack and went to hospital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x8:1
# text = He had a heart attack and went to hospital.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a heart attack |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attack=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | hospital |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to hospital=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They immediately attacked the Mouse army in large numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:attack:x9:1
# text = They immediately attacked the Mouse army in large numbers.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Mouse	Mouse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | They | the Mouse army |  | large numbers |  | immediately *property* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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