--- title: attestation — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «attestation» in the Judaism dictionary: proof or witness that something is true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/attestation/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/A/) / attestation # attestation **Who acts:** something, this, former time, man · **What happens:** be, concern, redeem, exchange, confirm, draw off · **To what, where:** proof, custom, things, shoe, neighbour, attestation «attestation» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [attestation in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/attestation.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} proof or witness that something is true. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:attestation:m1:1 # text = proof or witness that something is true. 1 proof proof NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 or or CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 7 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | something | proof or witness *not said here* | | | | true *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. — (Writings RUT.4.7, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:attestation:x1:1 # text = Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. — (Writings RUT.4.7, JPS 1917) 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 5 advmod _ _ 2 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 custom custom NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 concerning concern VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 acl _ _ 12 redeeming redeem VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 xcomp _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 concerning concern VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 conj _ _ 15 exchanging exchange VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 confirm confirm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ _ 19 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 20 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 25 off off ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 shoe shoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 neighbour neighbour NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 37 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 40 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 attestation attestation NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 40 punct _ _ 44 — - PUNCT : _ 46 punct _ _ 45 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 Writings writing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 conj _ _ 47 RUT.4.7 RUT.4.7 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 flat _ _ 50 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 47 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | this | the custom and the attestation and Writings | | | now; time | | tree rules | | 2 | **concern** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **redeem** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **concern** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **exchange** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **confirm** | to-infinitive | former time in Israel *not said here* | all things | | | | | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Topic | | 7 | **draw off** | past | a man | man's shoe | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme | | 8 | **give** | past | a man *not said here* | shoe | man's neighbour | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to neighbour=Recipient | | 9 | **is a** | past | this | the attestation and Writings | | Israel | | | tree rules | **Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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