---
title: audience — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «audience» in the Judaism dictionary: An audience is the group of people watching or listening to a show, film, talk or game. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# audience

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** audience, people, Book Search, readers, parents, your · **What happens:** be, watch, listen, mean, help, discover · **To what, where:** group, people, book, readers, books, authors

<!-- .vabout -->
«audience» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [audience in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/audience.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An audience is the group of people watching or listening to a show, film, talk or game.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:m1:1
# text = An audience is the group of people watching or listening to a show, film, talk or game.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a audience | the group |  |  |  | of people | tree rules |
| 2 | **watch** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **listen** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a show and film and talk or game | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to show=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An audience is the people a book, programme or advert is meant for.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:m2:1
# text = An audience is the people a book, programme or advert is meant for.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	programme	programme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a audience | the people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present · passive | the people *not said here* | a book and programme or advert |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x1:1
# text = Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences.
1	Google	Google	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	discover	discover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
11	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	helping	help	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
13	authors	author	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	publishers	publisher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	reach	reach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	audiences	audience	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Book Search | readers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent reader=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **discover** | infinitive | readers *not said here* | the world's books |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |
| 3 | **help** | gerund |  | authors and publishers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent author=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **reach** | present |  | new audiences |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent audience=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience clapped at the end of the play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x2:1
# text = The audience clapped at the end of the play.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clapped	clap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clap** | past | the audience |  |  |  | at the end of the play |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My parents were in the audience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x3:1
# text = My parents were in the audience.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My parents |  |  | the audience |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is the audience for your letter?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x4:1
# text = Who is the audience for your letter?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the audience |  |  |  | for your letter | tree rules |
| 2 | **letter** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience laughed at the joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x5:1
# text = The audience laughed at the joke.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the audience |  |  | the joke |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This film is for a young audience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x6:1
# text = This film is for a young audience.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this film |  |  |  |  | for a young audience | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer waved to the audience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x7:1
# text = The singer waved to the audience.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | the singer |  | the audience |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to audience=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be a good audience and sit quietly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x8:1
# text = Be a good audience and sit quietly.
1	Be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
7	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | infinitive | a good audience |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | infinitive | a good audience *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience was huge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x9:1
# text = The audience was huge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the audience |  |  |  |  | huge *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before starting your performance, salute your audience!”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:audience:x10:1
# text = Before starting your performance, salute your audience!”
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	salute	salute	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | gerund | you *not said here* | your performance |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent performance=Eventuality |
| 2 | **salute** | imperative | you *not said here* | your audience |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audience=Topic |
| 3 | **perform** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom performance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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