---
title: avouch — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «avouch» in the Judaism dictionary: to say openly that something is true, or to declare a promise. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# avouch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, that, LORD, Thou, commandments, God · **What happens:** say, be, declare, avouch, promise, keep · **To what, where:** promise, LORD, own treasure, thee, commandments, God · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«avouch» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [avouch in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/avouch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
to say openly that something is true, or to declare a promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:avouch:m1:1
# text = to say openly that something is true, or to declare a promise.
1	to	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	openly	openly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	declare	declare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | openly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **declare** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | a promise |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD hath avouched thee this day to be His own treasure, as He hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all His commandments; (Torah DEU.26.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:avouch:x1:1
# text = And the LORD hath avouched thee this day to be His own treasure, as He hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all His commandments; (Torah DEU.26.18, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	avouched	avouch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obj	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
11	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
19	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	nsubj	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shouldest	should	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	DEU.26.18	DEU.26.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
35	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	34	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avouch** | present · passive |  | the LORD |  |  | day | Torah DEU.26.18 *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | LORD's own treasure |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present · passive |  | LORD | thee |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal thou=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** | should | that | LORD's commandments |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme |
| 5 | **command** |  | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and that thou wouldest walk in His ways, and keep His statutes, and His commandments, and His ordinances, and hearken unto His voice. (Torah DEU.26.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and that thou wouldest walk in His ways, and keep His statutes, and His commandments, and His ordinances, and hearken unto His voice.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:avouch:x2:1
# text = Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and that thou wouldest walk in His ways, and keep His statutes, and His commandments, and His ordinances, and hearken unto His voice.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	avouched	avouch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	wouldest	would	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
24	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
28	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
37	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avouch** | present | Thou | the LORD |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | thy God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **walk** | would | that |  |  | God's ways |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |
| 4 | **keep** | infinitive | that *not said here* | God's statutes |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statute=Theme |
| 5 | **hearken** | infinitive | God's commandments and God's ordinances |  |  |  |  | unto God's voice | tree rules |
| 6 | **command** |  | God |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **ordain** |  | God |  |  |  |  |  | nom ordinance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.26.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:avouch:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.26.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.26.17	DEU.26.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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