---
title: ax — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ax» in the Judaism dictionary: An ax is a tool with a heavy metal blade on a long handle, used for chopping wood. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ax

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ax, worker, § Three vowels, lumberjack, story, Dad · **What happens:** be, use, ax, cut, ask, constitute · **To what, where:** tool, something, it, fire, spelling, old dialect English · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ax» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ax in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ax.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ax is a tool with a heavy metal blade on a long handle, used for chopping wood.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:m1:1
# text = An ax is a tool with a heavy metal blade on a long handle, used for chopping wood.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	chopping	chopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ax | a tool |  |  |  | with a heavy metal blade on a long handle | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a tool *not said here* |  |  |  | for chopping wood | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ax something is to cancel it or cut it; to ax a worker is to fire them.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:m2:1
# text = To ax something is to cancel it or cut it; to ax a worker is to fire them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ax	ax	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cancel	cancel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	ax	ax	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ax** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cancel *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 4 | **ax** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | a worker | fire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some old or dialect English, "ax" is another spelling of "ask".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:m3:1
# text = In some old or dialect English, "ax" is another spelling of "ask".
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ax | another spelling |  | old dialect English |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
§ 11 Three vowels n"ax constitute a great secret, marvellous and hidden. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* § 11 Three vowels n"ax constitute a great secret, marvellous and hidden.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x1:1
# text = § 11 Three vowels n"ax constitute a great secret, marvellous and hidden.
1	§	§	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
3	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	vowels	vowel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	n	n	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	constitute	constitute	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** *in a quote* | infinitive | § Three vowels | a great secret |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme secret=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lumberjack swung his ax at the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x2:1
# text = The lumberjack swung his ax at the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lumberjack	lumberjack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the lumberjack | lumberjack's ax |  | the tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent ax=Theme at tree=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
George Washington's story tells of a cherry tree and an ax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x3:1
# text = George Washington's story tells of a cherry tree and an ax.
1	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cherry	cherry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | George's story |  |  |  |  | of a cherry tree and a ax | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The TV show was axed after one season.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x4:1
# text = The TV show was axed after one season.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	axed	ax	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ax** | past · passive |  | the TV show |  |  | season |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad chopped firewood with an ax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x5:1
# text = Dad chopped firewood with an ax.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chopped	chop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	firewood	firewood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chop** | past | Dad | firewood |  |  |  | with a ax | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent firewood=Patient with ax=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firefighter broke down the door with an ax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x6:1
# text = The firefighter broke down the door with an ax.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firefighter	firefighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ax	ax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | past | the firefighter | the door |  |  |  | with a ax | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent door=Patient with ax=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hundreds of jobs were axed at the factory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ax:x7:1
# text = Hundreds of jobs were axed at the factory.
1	Hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	axed	ax	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ax** | past · passive |  | Hundreds of jobs |  | the factory |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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