---
title: babylonian — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «babylonian» in the Judaism dictionary: Having to do with Babylon, an ancient land and city in what is now Iraq, or its people and language. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# babylonian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ancient land, Assyrian Babylonian language, earliest known use · **What happens:** have, do, be, invent, represent, consist · **To what, where:** ancient land, Iraq, It, Assyrian Babylonian language, symbol

<!-- .vabout -->
«babylonian» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [babylonian in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/babylonian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having to do with Babylon, an ancient land and city in what is now Iraq, or its people and language.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:babylonian:m1:1
# text = Having to do with Babylon, an ancient land and city in what is now Iraq, or its people and language.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
16	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a ancient land and city in a ancient land and city in a ancient land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | a ancient land and city in a ancient land and city in a ancient land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Babylon | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | Iraq |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was apparently originally invented to represent the Assyrian-Babylonian language, which consisted of seventeen or eighteen sounds. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It was apparently originally invented to represent the Assyrian-Babylonian language, which consisted of seventeen or eighteen sounds.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:babylonian:x1:1
# text = It was apparently originally invented to represent the Assyrian-Babylonian language, which consisted of seventeen or eighteen sounds.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	apparently	apparently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	originally	originally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	represent	represent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	Assyrian	assyrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Babylonian	Babylonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	consisted	consist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	conj	_	_
20	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  | apparently, originally *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **represent** | to-infinitive |  | the Assyrian Babylonian language |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot language=Theme |
| 3 | **consist** | past | the Assyrian Babylonian language |  |  |  |  | of seventeen sounds | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:babylonian:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earliest known use of this symbol in Babylonian in- scriptions belongs to the third century B. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:babylonian:x2:1
# text = The earliest known use of this symbol in Babylonian in- scriptions belongs to the third century B. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Babylonian	Babylonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
12	scriptions	scription	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	B.	B.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	case	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
31	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **belong** | present | the earliest known use of this symbol in Babylonian in scriptions |  |  |  | century |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** |  |  | this symbol in Babylonian in scriptions |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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