---
title: barb — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «barb» in the Judaism dictionary: A barb is a sharp point that sticks out backwards from the tip of a fish hook, arrow or wire, so it is hard to pull out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# barb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** barb, sharp point, unkind remark, barbs, bee, fish · **What happens:** be, stick out, pull out, mean, hurt, sting · **To what, where:** sharp point, tip, unkind remark, someone, thin side threads, feather

<!-- .vabout -->
«barb» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [barb in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/barb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barb is a sharp point that sticks out backwards from the tip of a fish hook, arrow or wire, so it is hard to pull out.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:m1:1
# text = A barb is a sharp point that sticks out backwards from the tip of a fish hook, arrow or wire, so it is hard to pull out.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barb	barb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	hook	hook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	expl	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a barb | a sharp point |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | present | a sharp point |  |  | the tip of a fish hook and arrow or wire |  | backwards *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pull out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barb is an unkind remark meant to hurt someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:m2:1
# text = A barb is an unkind remark meant to hurt someone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barb	barb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a barb | a unkind remark |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | past | a unkind remark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a unkind remark *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In biology, barbs are the thin side threads on a feather, and the sharp backward hooks on a bee's sting.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:m3:1
# text = In biology, barbs are the thin side threads on a feather, and the sharp backward hooks on a bee's sting.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	barbs	barb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	backward	backward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	hooks	hook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | barbs | the thin side threads |  | a feather |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sting** |  | a bee |  |  |  |  |  | nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish hook has a barb so the fish can't slip off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x1:1
# text = The fish hook has a barb so the fish can't slip off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hook	hook	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	barb	barb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	slip	slip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hook** | present | the fish | a barb |  |  |  |  | vn rotate-51.9.1-1 «NP V NP.extent»: agent=Theme barb=Extent |
| 2 | **not** **slip off** | can | the fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bee's sting has tiny barbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x2:1
# text = The bee's sting has tiny barbs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	barbs	barb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the bee's sting | tiny barbs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Patient |
| 2 | **sting** |  | the bee |  |  |  |  |  | nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Barbed wire runs along the top of the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x3:1
# text = Barbed wire runs along the top of the fence.
1	Barbed	barb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **barb** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | Barbed wire |  |  | the top of the fence |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along top=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her barb about my hair really hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x4:1
# text = Her barb about my hair really hurt.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	barb	barb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | Her barb about my hair |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each feather has hundreds of tiny barbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x5:1
# text = Each feather has hundreds of tiny barbs.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	barbs	barb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each feather | hundreds of tiny barbs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful — the barbs on the wire are sharp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x6:1
# text = Be careful — the barbs on the wire are sharp.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	csubj	_	_
3	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	barbs	barb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the barbs on the wire |  |  |  |  | sharp *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arrowhead had a barb at the back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x7:1
# text = The arrowhead had a barb at the back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arrowhead	arrowhead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	barb	barb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the arrowhead | a barb |  | the back |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ignored the barbs from the other team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:barb:x8:1
# text = He ignored the barbs from the other team.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ignored	ignore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	barbs	barb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ignore** | past | He | the barbs |  | the other team |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barb=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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