---
title: beard — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beard» in the Judaism dictionary: A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beard, hair, man, Ye, thou, They · **What happens:** be, grow, have, not round, mar, not make · **To what, where:** hair, chin, hairs, plague, corners, baldness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«beard» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beard in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/beard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:m1:1
# text = A beard is the hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beard | the hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the hair |  |  | the chin and cheeks of a man |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on chin=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beard is also hairs or bristles like that on some animals, like a goat's beard, or on plants like barley.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:m2:1
# text = A beard is also hairs or bristles like that on some animals, like a goat's beard, or on plants like barley.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bristles	bristle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beard | hairs or bristles like that and a goat's beard or plants like barley |  |  |  | on some animals | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when a man or woman hath a plague upon the head or upon the beard, (Torah LEV.13.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x1:1
# text = And when a man or woman hath a plague upon the head or upon the beard, (Torah LEV.13.29, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	LEV.13.29	LEV.13.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a man or woman | a plague |  |  |  | upon the head or the beard; Torah LEV.13.29 *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plague=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. (Torah LEV.19.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x2:1
# text = Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.
1	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	round	round	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	14	cc:preconj	_	_
12	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
14	mar	mar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **round** | shall | Ye | the corners of your heads |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent corner=Patient |
| 2 | **mar** | shall | thou | the corners of thy beard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.19.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.19.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.19.27	LEV.19.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corners of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh. (Torah LEV.21.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corners of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x3:1
# text = They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corners of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	baldness	baldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc:preconj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shave	shave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	22	cc	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | shall | They | baldness |  |  |  | upon their head | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset baldness=Product |
| 2 | **shave off** | shall | they | the corners of corners's beard |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent corner=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive | they *not said here* | any cuttings |  | cuttings's flesh |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cutting=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.21.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x3:2
# text = (Torah LEV.21.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.21.5	LEV.21.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king said: 'Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.' (Prophets 2SA.10.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the king said: 'Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.'

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x4:1
# text = And the king said: 'Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Tarry	Tarry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Jericho	Jericho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	beards	beard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | infinitive · passive |  | your beards |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **return** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.10.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.10.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.10.5	2SA.10.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For every head is bald, and every beard clipped; upon all the hands are cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth. (Prophets JER.48.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For every head is bald, and every beard clipped; upon all the hands are cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x5:1
# text = For every head is bald, and every beard clipped; upon all the hands are cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bald	bald	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	cuttings	cutting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	loins	loin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	compound	_	_
23	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for every head; bald *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **clip** | participle | every beard |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | all hands |  |  |  |  | upon cuttings | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.48.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x5:2
# text = (Prophets JER.48.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.48.37	JER.48.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Joab said to Amasa: 'Is it well with thee, my brother?' And Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him. (Prophets 2SA.20.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Joab said to Amasa: 'Is it well with thee, my brother?'

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x6:1
# text = And Joab said to Amasa: 'Is it well with thee, my brother?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Amasa	Amasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab |  | Amasa |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to amasa=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | with thee; well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x6:2
# text = And Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Amasa	Amasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	kiss	kiss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Joab |  | Amasa |  |  | by the beard; with Joab's right hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument amasa=Destination |
| 2 | **kiss** | to-infinitive | Joab *not said here* | Joab |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets 2SA.20.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x6:3
# text = (Prophets 2SA.20.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.20.9	2SA.20.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa has a long white beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x7:1
# text = Grandpa has a long white beard.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandpa | a long white beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad shaved off his beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x8:1
# text = My dad shaved off his beard.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shaved	shave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave off** | participle | My dad | dad's beard |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The billy goat had a little beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x9:1
# text = The billy goat had a little beard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	billy	billy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the billy goat | a little beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wizard stroked his beard and thought.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x10:1
# text = The wizard stroked his beard and thought.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stroked	stroke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stroke** | past | the wizard | wizard's beard and thought |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Experiencer |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Father Christmas has a big white beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x11:1
# text = Father Christmas has a big white beard.
1	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Father Christmas | a big white beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Tom is growing a beard for charity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x12:1
# text = Uncle Tom is growing a beard for charity.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | Uncle Tom | a beard |  |  |  | for charity | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent beard=Product for charity=Beneficiary |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beard:x13:1
# text = Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:
1	Wringing	wring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rending	rend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wring** | gerund | he *not said here* | his hands |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **rend** | gerund | he *not said here* | his beard |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |
| 3 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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