---
title: beating — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «beating» in the Judaism dictionary: A beating is a hitting with a stick or hands as a punishment. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# beating

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beating, heart, it, angel, terebinth, Ophrah · **What happens:** hit, be, take, mean, throb, do · **To what, where:** heavy defeat, beating, team, regular throb, vintage, olive tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«beating» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [beating in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/beating.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beating is a hitting with a stick or hands as a punishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:m1:1
# text = A beating is a hitting with a stick or hands as a punishment.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	nsubj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | a beating |  |  |  |  | with a stick or hands; as a punishment | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beating is also a heavy defeat, as in «our team took a beating».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:m2:1
# text = A beating is also a heavy defeat, as in «our team took a beating».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
14	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a beating | a heavy defeat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | past |  | a beating |  | our team |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent beating=Value in team=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beating can mean the regular throb of a heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:m3:1
# text = Beating can mean the regular throb of a heart.
1	Beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	throb	throb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Beating | the regular throb of a heart |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throb=Topic |
| 2 | **throb** |  | a heart |  |  |  |  |  | nom throb «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For thus shall it be in the midst of the earth, among the peoples, as at the beating of an olive-tree, as at the gleanings when the vintage is done. (Prophets ISA.24.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For thus shall it be in the midst of the earth, among the peoples, as at the beating of an olive-tree, as at the gleanings when the vintage is done.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x1:1
# text = For thus shall it be in the midst of the earth, among the peoples, as at the beating of an olive-tree, as at the gleanings when the vintage is done.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	olive	olive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	gleanings	gleaning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
31	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	vintage	vintage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | it |  |  |  |  | for the midst and the beating of a olive tree and the gleanings; of the earth and the peoples; thus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present · passive |  | the vintage |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **beat** |  |  | a olive tree |  |  |  |  | nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.24.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.24.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.24.13	ISA.24.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the angel of the LORD came, and sat under the terebinth which was in Ophrah, that belonged unto Joash the Abiezrite; and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites. (Prophets JDG.6.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the angel of the LORD came, and sat under the terebinth which was in Ophrah, that belonged unto Joash the Abiezrite; and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x2:1
# text = And the angel of the LORD came, and sat under the terebinth which was in Ophrah, that belonged unto Joash the Abiezrite; and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	terebinth	terebinth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Ophrah	Ophrah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Joash	Joash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Abiezrite	Abiezrite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
29	Gideon	Gideon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	winepress	winepress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
40	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Midianites	Midianite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the angel of the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | past | the angel of the LORD *not said here* |  |  | the terebinth |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under terebinth=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | the terebinth |  |  | Ophrah |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **belong** | past | Ophrah |  |  |  |  | unto Joash | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **beat out** | past · progressive | angel's son | wheat |  |  |  | in the winepress | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent wheat=Patient in winepress=Topic |
| 6 | **hide** | to-infinitive | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | wheat |  | the Midianites |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Patient from midianite=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.6.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.6.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.6.11	JDG.6.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bully gave him a beating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x3:1
# text = The bully gave him a beating.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the bully | a beating | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient beating=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team took a beating in the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x4:1
# text = Our team took a beating in the match.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Our team | a beating |  | the match |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent beating=Value in match=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt my heart's beating fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x5:1
# text = I felt my heart's beating fast.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **beat** | present · progressive | my heart |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had a beating from her husband.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:beating:x6:1
# text = She had a beating from her husband.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a beating |  |  |  | from her husband | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beating=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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