---
title: begin — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «begin» in the Judaism dictionary: To begin is to start doing something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# begin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** film, Noah husbandman, Cush, Israel, people, Jehoash · **What happens:** begin, be, do, happen, exist, mean · **To what, where:** something, 7, vineyard, Nimrod, mighty one, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«begin» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 17 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [begin in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/begin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To begin is to start doing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:m1:1
# text = To begin is to start doing something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | start *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To begin is to start happening or existing: «The film begins at 7».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:m2:1
# text = To begin is to start happening or existing: «The film begins at 7».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | start *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **exist** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **begin** *in a quote* | present | the film |  |  | 7 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To begin with means first, or at the start.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:m3:1
# text = To begin with means first, or at the start.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Noah the husbandman began, and planted a vineyard. (Torah GEN.9.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Noah the husbandman began, and planted a vineyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x1:1
# text = And Noah the husbandman began, and planted a vineyard.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	husbandman	husbandman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	vineyard	vineyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Noah husbandman |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **plant** | past | the Noah husbandman *not said here* | a vineyard |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vineyard=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.9.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.9.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.9.20	GEN.9.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one in the earth. (Torah GEN.10.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one in the earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x2:1
# text = And Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one in the earth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Cush	Cush	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	begot	beget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Nimrod	Nimrod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beget** | past | Cush | Nimrod |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nimrod=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Cush |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | Cush *not said here* | a mighty one |  | the earth |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.10.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.10.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.10.8	GEN.10.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab. (Torah NUM.25.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x3:1
# text = And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abode	abide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Shittim	Shittim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	harlotry	harlotry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abide** | past | Israel |  |  | Shittim |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **commit** | to-infinitive | the people *not said here* | harlotry |  |  |  | with the daughters of Moab | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harlotry=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.25.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.25.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.25.1	NUM.25.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign. (Prophets 2KI.12.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x4:1
# text = Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign.
1	Jehoash	Jehoash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Jehoash |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Jehoash |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Jehoash *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2KI.12.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x4:2
# text = (Prophets 2KI.12.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2KI.12.1	2KI.12.1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah. (Writings 2CH.13.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x5:1
# text = In the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	Jeroboam	Jeroboam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Abijah	Abijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Jeroboam | Abijah |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Jeroboam *not said here* |  |  | Judah |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.13.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x5:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.13.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.13.1	2CH.13.1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven. (Prophets JDG.16.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x6:1
# text = Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven.
1	Howbeit	howbeit	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	shaven	shaven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the hair of hair's head |  |  |  |  | howbeit *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | the hair of hair's head *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | hair |  |  |  |  | shaven *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.16.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.16.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.16.22	JDG.16.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The movie begins at 7:15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x7:1
# text = The movie begins at 7:15.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	movie	movie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	7:15	7:15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | the movie |  |  | 7:15 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He began with 20 marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x8:1
# text = He began with 20 marbles.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with 20 marbles | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with marble=Subeventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She begins reading on page 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x9:1
# text = She begins reading on page 12.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  | page |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
School begins in 3 days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x10:1
# text = School begins in 3 days.
1	School	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | School |  |  |  | day |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's begin our lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x11:1
# text = Let's begin our lesson.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | infinitive | 's *not said here* | our lesson |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Eventuality |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It began to rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x12:1
# text = It began to rain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | It | rain |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «cat» begins with c.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x13:1
# text = The word «cat» begins with c.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	c.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | the word |  |  |  |  | with c. | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with c.=Subeventuality |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To begin with, read the question carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x14:1
# text = To begin with, read the question carefully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the question |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a beginner at chess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x15:1
# text = He is a beginner at chess.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginner	beginner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a beginner |  | chess |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story begins in a dark forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x16:1
# text = The story begins in a dark forest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | the story |  |  | a dark forest |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 17 {#x17}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the Sun began to shine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:begin:x17:1
# text = Then the Sun began to shine.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Sun |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **shine** | to-infinitive | the Sun *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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