---
title: berbers — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «berbers» in the Judaism dictionary: A people of North Africa, with their own old language and writing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# berbers

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** al, lirst alphabet, Berbers, Hebrews · **What happens:** demonstrate, invent, be, use, accord · **To what, where:** lirst alphabet, that, time, alphabet

<!-- .vabout -->
«berbers» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [berbers in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/berbers.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A people of North Africa, with their own old language and writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:berbers:m1:1
# text = A people of North Africa, with their own old language and writing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As al- ready demonstrated, the lirst alphabet invented was similar to that still used by the Berbers, whence the inference, that there may have been a time when the Hebrews also used such an alphabet. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* As al- ready demonstrated, the lirst alphabet invented was similar to that still used by the Berbers, whence the inference, that there may have been a time when the Hebrews also used such an alphabet.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:berbers:x1:1
# text = As al- ready demonstrated, the lirst alphabet invented was similar to that still used by the Berbers, whence the inference, that there may have been a time when the Hebrews also used such an alphabet.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	al	Al	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lirst	lirst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Berbers	Berber	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	inference	inference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
26	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	31	expl	_	_
27	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	cop	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
32	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	36	mark	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Hebrews	Hebrew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
35	also	also	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	advcl	_	_
37	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	39	det:predet	_	_
38	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | participle | al |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **invent** | participle |  | the lirst alphabet *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | the lirst alphabet |  |  |  |  | similar *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | participle · passive | the Berbers | that |  |  | still |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 5 | **is a** | may · perfect | the Berbers *not said here* | a time |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **use** | participle | the Hebrews | such alphabet |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alphabet=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:berbers:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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