---
title: bereft — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bereft» in the Judaism dictionary: Left without something important, such as a loved one or a friend. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bereft

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gates, she, stout, they, their, king · **What happens:** leave, love, lament, mourn, sit, heart · **To what, where:** ground, sleep, none, gate

<!-- .vabout -->
«bereft» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bereft in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/bereft.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Left without something important, such as a loved one or a friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:m1:1
# text = Left without something important, such as a loved one or a friend.
1	Left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | without something | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **love** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And her gates shall lament and mourn; and utterly bereft she shall sit upon the ground. (Prophets ISA.3.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And her gates shall lament and mourn; and utterly bereft she shall sit upon the ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x1:1
# text = And her gates shall lament and mourn; and utterly bereft she shall sit upon the ground.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lament	lament	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	bereft	bereft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lament** | shall | her gates |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mourn** | infinitive | her gates *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **sit** | shall | she |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon ground=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.3.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.3.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.3.26	ISA.3.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stout-hearted are bereft of sense, they sleep their sleep; and none of the men of might have found their hands. (Writings PSA.76.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The stout-hearted are bereft of sense, they sleep their sleep; and none of the men of might have found their hands.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x2:1
# text = The stout-hearted are bereft of sense, they sleep their sleep; and none of the men of might have found their hands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stout	stout	ADJ	NN	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	hearted	heart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	bereft	bereft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
16	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	nmod	_	_
21	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux	_	_
23	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heart** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the stout |  |  |  |  | of sense; bereft *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sleep** | present | they | their sleep |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleep=Theme |
| 4 | **find** | might · perfect · passive |  | none |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme hand=Attribute |
| 5 | **sleep** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.76.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.76.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.76.6	PSA.76.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king was bereft of his only daughter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x3:1
# text = The king was bereft of his only daughter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bereft	bereft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the king |  |  |  |  | of king's only daughter; bereft *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog, bereft of its owner, waited at the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bereft:x4:1
# text = The dog, bereft of its owner, waited at the gate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	bereft	bereft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the dog |  |  | the gate |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at gate=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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