---
title: bewail — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bewail» in the Judaism dictionary: To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bewail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** he, Go, she, thing, I, Mule · **What happens:** bewail, be, complain, say, send away, depart · **To what, where:** something, Go, her, virginity, thing, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bewail» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bewail in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/bewail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:m1:1
# text = To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bewail	bewail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** *speech: express* | present |  |  |  |  |  | cry *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **complain** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about a loss or misfortune; loudly *property* | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about loss=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Go.' And he sent her away for two months; and she departed, she and her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains. (Prophets JDG.11.38, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he said: 'Go.'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x1:1
# text = And he said: 'Go.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Go	Go	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he | Go |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And he sent her away for two months; and she departed, she and her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x1:2
# text = And he sent her away for two months; and she departed, she and her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	departed	depart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	virginity	virginity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send away** | past | Go | her *= she* |  |  | month | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 2 | **depart** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bewail** | past | she *not said here* | her virginity |  |  |  | upon the mountains | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer virginity=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets JDG.11.38, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x1:3
# text = (Prophets JDG.11.38, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.11.38	JDG.11.38	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And she said unto her father: 'Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may depart and go down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions.' (Prophets JDG.11.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And she said unto her father: 'Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may depart and go down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions.'

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x2:1
# text = And she said unto her father: 'Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may depart and go down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	depart	depart	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	bewail	bewail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	virginity	virginity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  | unto her father | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | this thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive · passive | this thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for me | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  | me |  |  | month | alone *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 5 | **depart** | may | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **go down** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  | the mountains |  | down *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon mountain=Location |
| 7 | **bewail** | infinitive |  | my virginity |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer virginity=Stimulus |
| 8 | **companion** |  | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.11.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.11.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.11.37	JDG.11.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mule bewailed his misfortunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x3:1
# text = The Mule bewailed his misfortunes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | past | the Mule | Mule's misfortunes |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer misfortune=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On discovering the theft, he beat his breast and bewailed his loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x4:1
# text = On discovering the theft, he beat his breast and bewailed his loss.
1	On	on	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	discovering	discover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | gerund | he *not said here* | the theft |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theft=Topic |
| 2 | **beat** | past | he | his breast |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location breast=Theme |
| 3 | **bewail** | past | he *not said here* | his loss |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children bewailed the end of their holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewail:x5:1
# text = The children bewailed the end of their holiday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | past | the children | the end of children's holiday |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [betwixt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/B/betwixt/)
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- ↑ back to [B in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/B/)