---
title: bewilderment — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bewilderment» in the Judaism dictionary: Bewilderment is a state of being confused and not understanding what is going on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bewilderment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bewilderment, I, old man, face · **What happens:** be, not understand, go on, say, smite, open · **To what, where:** state, LORD, horse, Mine, Urashima, bewilderment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bewilderment» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bewilderment in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/bewilderment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bewilderment is a state of being confused and not understanding what is going on.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:m1:1
# text = Bewilderment is a state of being confused and not understanding what is going on.
1	Bewilderment	bewilderment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bewilderment | a state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | confused *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **understand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
| 4 | **go on** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with bewilderment, and his rider with madness; and I will open Mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the peoples with blindness. (Prophets ZEC.12.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with bewilderment, and his rider with madness; and I will open Mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the peoples with blindness.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:x1:1
# text = In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with bewilderment, and his rider with madness; and I will open Mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the peoples with blindness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bewilderment	bewilderment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	madness	madness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
27	Mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
38	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	39	det	_	_
39	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
43	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD |  |  | day |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 2 | **smite** | future | I | every horse |  |  |  | with bewilderment | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent horse=Patient with bewilderment=Instrument |
| 3 | **open** | future | I | Mine |  |  |  | upon the house of Judah | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent my=Theme eye=Destination |
| 4 | **smite** | future | I *not said here* | every horse of the peoples |  |  |  | with blindness | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent horse=Patient with blindness=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ZEC.12.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ZEC.12.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ZEC.12.4	ZEC.12.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urashima was lost in bewilderment and trouble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:x2:1
# text = Urashima was lost in bewilderment and trouble.
1	Urashima	Urashima	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bewilderment	bewilderment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · passive |  | Urashima |  | bewilderment and trouble |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man stood in bewilderment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:x3:1
# text = The old man stood in bewilderment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bewilderment	bewilderment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the old man |  |  | bewilderment |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bewilderment=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her face showed bewilderment at the sudden news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:bewilderment:x4:1
# text = Her face showed bewilderment at the sudden news.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bewilderment	bewilderment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Her face | bewilderment |  | the sudden news |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bewilderment=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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